Abstract
High resolution Auger microanalysis has become a widely applied technique in various fields of materials research. Its submicrometer spatial resolution is shown as being advantageous for surface, interface and thin film analysis. Limitations of the lateral resolution are outlined with respect to influences of electron backscattering, detection sensitivity, sample drift, beam heating and other electron induced processes. High in-depth resolution is linked with high spatial resolution for optimized depth profiling by sputtering. Crater edge profiling with scanning Auger microscopy is particularly useful for obtaining a three-dimensional microanalysis. Some examples demonstrate the capabilities and limitations in the analysis of precipitates, fracture surfaces and multilayer structures.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H. W. Werner, R. P. H. Garten,Rep. Progr. Phys. 1984,47, 221.
S. Hofmann,Surf. Interface Anal. 1986,9, 3.
R. Holm, S. Storp, Methoden zur Untersuchung von Oberflächen, in:Ullmanns Encycl. d. techn. Chemie, Vol. 5 (H. Kelker, ed.), Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1980, p. 519.
D. Briggs, M. P. Seah (eds.),Practical Surface Analysis by Auger and Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Wiley, Chichester, 1983.
S. Hofmann, Auger Electron Spectroscopy, in:Wilson & Wilson's Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry, Vol. IX (G. Svehla, ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1979, p. 89.
H. J. Dudek, Auger-Elektronen-Mikroanalyse, in:Angewandte Oberflächenanalyse mit SIMS, AES, XPS (M. Grasserbauer, H. Ebel, H. J. Dudek, eds), Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York-Tokyo, 1984.
J. C. Riviere,Analyst 1983,108, 649.
S. Hofmann, in:Proc. 6th Int. Symp. High Purity Materials in Science and Technol, Vol.II, Dresden, 1985, p. 149.
L. A. Davis, N. C. MacDonald, P. W. Palmberg, G. E. Riach, R. E. Weber,Handbook of AES, 2nd ed., Perkin Eimer, Phys. El. Div., Eden Prairie, 1979.
H. H. Madden,J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 1981,18, 677.
J. M. Sanz,Thesis, Univ. Stuttgart, 1982.
H. Seiler,Ultramicroscopy 1985,17, 1.
J. H. Thomas III,J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 1984,A2, 84.
J. M. Sanz, S. Hofmann,H. Electr. Spectr. 1984,34, 149.
S. Hofmann, J. H. Thomas III,Surf. Interface Anal. 1982,4, 156.
J. M. Sanz, S. Hofmann,Thin Solid Films 1984,120, 185.
A. M. Bevolo, J. D. Verhoeven, M. Noack,Surf. Sci. 1983,134, 499.
M. de Creszenzi, F. Antonangeli, C. Bellini, A. Rosei,Phys. Rev. Lett. 1983,50, 1949.
P. W. Palmberg,Anal. Chem. 1973,45, 5494.
M. P. Seah, Chapt. 5 in ref. [4], p. 181.
H. Hantsche, H. J. Dudek,Mikrochim. Acta [Wien] 1987,I, 145.
A. J. Perry, C. Strandberg, W. D. Sproul, S. Hofmann, C. Ernsberger, J. Nickerson, L. Chollet,Thin Solid Films 1987 (to be published).
P. H. Holloway,Surf. Sci. 1977,66, 479.
P. M. Hall, J. M. Morabito,Surf. Sci. 1979,83, 391.
S. Hofmann, J. M. Sanz,Fresenius' Z. Anal. Chem. 1983,314, 215.
S. Hofmann, J. Erlewein,Mikrochim. Acta [Wien] 1979,I, 65.
M. P. Seah, W. Dench,Surf. Interface Anal. 1979,1, 2.
J. M. Sanz, S. Hofmann,J. Less Comm. Met. 1983,92, 317.
H. J. Mathieu, D. Landolt,Surf. Interface Anal. 1984,6, 82.
S. Hofmann, J. M. Sanz,Mikrochim. Acta [Wien] 1983,Suppl. 10, 135.
M. Prutton, L. A. Larson, H. Poppa,J. Appl. Phys. 1983,54, 374.
B. Bennett, H. Viefhaus,Surf. Interface Anal. 1986,8, 127.
J. C. Riviere, Chapt. 2 in ref. [4], p. 17.
R. R. Olson, P. W. Palmberg, C. T. Hovland, T. E. Brady, Chapt. 6 in ref. [4], p. 217.
R. Sherman,Surf. Interface Anal. 1987,10, 23.
M. P. Seah, Chapt. 7 in ref. [4], p. 247.
H. Erhart, H. J. Grabke,Metals Science 1981,15, 401.
S. Hofmann, H. Hofmann,J. de Phys. 1985,46, 633.
K. Lösch, S. Hofmann,Fresenius' Z. Anal. Chem. 1987 (to be published).
S. Hofmann,Surf. Interface Anal. 1980,2, 148.
M. P. Seah, C. P. Hunt,Surf. Interface Anal. 1983,5, 33.
H. Oechsner (ed.),Thin Film and Depth Profile Analysis (Current Topics in Physics, Vol. 37), Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York-Tokyo, 1984.
S. Hofmann,J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 1986,A4, 2789.
H. Seiler,Electron Microscopy 1982,1, 713.
M. M. El Gomati, A. P. Janssen, M. Prutton, J. A. Venables,Surf. Sci. 1979,85, 309.
J. Cazaux,Surf. Sci. 1983,125, 335.
H. J. Dudek, in:Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Sol. Surf, a 3rd ECOSS (D. A. Dagras, M. Costa, eds.), Cannes, 1980, p. 1365.
J. Cazaux,J. Microsc. 1987,145, 257.
G. Todd, H. Poppa,J. Vac. Sci. Technol 1978,15, 672.
P. Morin,J. El. Spectr. Rel. Phen. 1985,37, 171.
A. Van Oostrom,Surf. Sci. 1979,89, 615.
J. Cazaux,Surf. Sci. 1984,140, 85.
A. D. Brooker, J. E. Castle,Surf. Interface Anal. 1986,8, 13.
R. von Criegern, in preparation.
A. Niegl,Thesis, Univ. Stuttgart (in preparation).
L. L. Levenson,Scanning Electron Microscopy, Vol. III, SEM Inc., AMF O'Hare, Chicago, 1982, p. 925.
J. Cazaux,Appl. Surf. Sci. 1985,20, 457.
K. Röll,Appl. Surf. Sci. 1980,5, 388.
S. Hofmann, A. Zalar,Thin Solid Films,1979,56, 337.
C. Le Gressus, D. Massignon, R. Sopizet,Surf. Sci. 1977,68, 338.
H. E. Bauer, H. Seiler,Electron Microscopy 1980,3, 214.
F. Ohuchi, M. Ogino, P. H. Holloway, C. G. Pantano,Surf. Interface Anal. 1980,2, 85.
J. Cazaux,J. Appl. Phys. 1986,59, 1424.
S. Hofmann, Chapt. 4 in ref. [4], p. 141.
S. Hofmann, J. M. Sanz, Chapt. 7 in ref. [42], p. 141.
S. Hofmann,Analusis 1981,2, 181.
J. B. Malherbe, J. M. Sanz, S. Hofmann,Surf. Interface Anal. 1981,3, 235.
A. Zalar, S. Hofmann, A. Zabkar,Thin Solid Films 1986,131, 149.
S. Hofmann, A. Zalar,Surf. Interface Anal. 1987,10, 7.
A. Zalar,Surf. Interface Anal. 1986,9, 41.
J. Fine, P. A. Lindfors, M. F. Gorman, R. L. Gerlach, B. Navinsek, D. F. Mitchell, G. P. Chambers,J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 1985,A3, 1413.
A. Zalar, S. Hofmann,Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. 1987,B 15, 655.
J. M. Sanz, S. Hofmann,Surf. Interface Anal. 1986,8, 147.
J. M. Walls, D. D. Hall, D. E. Sykes,Surf. Interface Anal. 1979,1, 204.
C. Lea, M. P. Seah,Thin Solid Films 1981,81, 67.
J. F. Bresse,Scanning Electron Microscopy, Vol. IV, SEM Inc., AMF O'Hare, Chicago, 1985, p. 1465.
A. Zalar, S. Hofmann,Surf. Interface Anal. 1980,2, 183.
S. Hofmann,Scanning Microscopy 1987,1, 989.
M. P. Seah, C. J. Powell,The Coordinated Development of Standards for Surface Chemical Analysis, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NBSIR 85-3120, Gaithersburg, 1985.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hofmann, S. High resolution auger electron spectroscopy for materials characterization. Mikrochim Acta 91, 321–345 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01199509
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01199509