Abstract
Skeletal and visceral muscles are distinguished in the unfed nymphHyalomma (Hyalomma) dromedarii according to position, structure and function. The skeletal muscles include the capitulum, dorsoventral and leg oblique muscles. Their muscle fibres have the striated pattern of successive sarcomeres whose thick myosin filaments are surrounded by orbitals of up to 12 thin actin filaments. The cell membrane invaginates into tubular system (T) extending deeply into the sarcoplasm and closely associated to cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The T and SR forming two-membered ‘dyads’ are considered to be the main route of calcium ions whose movements are synchronized with the motor impulse to control contraction and relaxation in most muscles. Two types of skeletal muscle fibres are recognized, and are suggested as representing different physiological phases.
In the visceral-muscle fibres investing tick internal organs, the actin and myosin filaments are slightly interrupted, and the T and SR are well demonstrated. Both skeletal and visceral muscles are invaginated by tracheoles and innervated by nerve-axons containing synaptic vesicles.
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El Shoura, S.M. Fine structure of muscles in the tickHyalomma (Hyalomma) dromedarii (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Exp Appl Acarol 7, 327–335 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01197927
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01197927