Abstract
In the article, we present experimental data indicating that negative emotional states evoked by electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus or by behavioral conflicts are accompanied by a predominance of vascular responses of a presser character possessing the property of summation. In contrast, positive emotional states during a self-stimulation reaction or when animals attain behavioral results satisfying their major biological demands are accompanied by a predominance of pressor-depressor vascular reactions. In individual animals under conditions of experimental emotional stress in conflicting situations of a prolonged character, pronounced disturbances of cardiac-vascular functions occur. Predominantly pressor vascular reactions arise in response to forced stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus in such cases. It is shown that changes in vascular tonus plays a leading role in disturbances of AP regulation during stress of immobilization. The most frequent cause of death in animals under such conditions is a progressive fall of AP due to an abrupt decrease in the total peripheral resistance. The resistance of the cardiac-vascular functions to emotional stress is determined to a significant degree by genetic mechanisms.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature cited
P. K. Anokhin, “Emotional tension and a precondition for the development of neurogenic diseases of the cardiovascular system,” Vestn. Akad. Med. Nauk SSSR, No. 6, 10–18 (1965).
A. V. Val'dman, M. M. Kozlovskaya, and O. S. Medvedev, The Pharmacological Regulation of Emotional Stress [in Russian], Meditsina, Moscow (1979).
D. F. Vedyaev and S. K. Sudakov, “Vascular reactivity of animals to emotional stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus in the dynamics of acute emotional stress,” Fiziol. Zh.,29, 1, 35–48 (1983).
A. Gaimon, Minute Volume of the Heart and Its Regulation [in Russian], Meditsina, Moscow (1969), pp. 22–23.
D. D. Matsievskii, “Telemetric measurement of blood flow by ultrasound,” Byull. ésp. Biol. Med., No. 9, 119–121 (1970).
T. E. Medvedeva, “The role of positive emotional reinforcement in the regulation of the hemodynamic system during arterial hypertension in rats,” Zh. Vyssh. Nervn. Deyat.,37, 3, 563–566 (1987).
Yu. G. Skotselyas, L. I. Ivanova, and E. A. Yumatos, “Dynamic recording of arterial pressure in rats during a chronic experiment and under conditions of unrestrained behavior,” Fiziol. Zh. SSSR,63, 1, 154–155 (1977).
K. V. Sudakov, Systemic Mechanisms of Emotional Stress [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1981).
K. V. Sudakov and L. S. Ul'yaninskii, “Extracardial regulation during emotional stress,” Patol. Fiziol. Eksp. Terap., No. 6, 3–12 (1984).
K. V. Sudakov and L. S. Ul'yaninskii, “Mechanisms of stability of cardiovascular functions during experimental emotional stress,” Patol. Fiziol. Eksp. Terap., No. 1, 73–77 (1988).
K. V. Sudakov, E. A. Yumatov, and L. S. Ul'yaninskii, “Systemic mechanisms of emotional stress,” in: Mechanisms of Stress Development [in Russian], Kishinev (1987), pp. 52–79.
K. V. Sudakov, “Dynamics of individual cardiovascular reactions in rabbits under conditions of acute emotional stress,” Byull. éksp. Biol. Med.,89, 6, 662–664 (1980).
L. S. Ul'yaninskii, A. N. Balashov, A. V. Gritak, et al., “The influence of chronic stimulation of negative and positive emotional centers of the hypothalamus upon the creation of cardiac arhythmias,” Byul'. éksp. Biol. Med., No. 11, 1288–1291 (1976).
L. S. Ul'yaninskii, N. N. Beskrovnova, B. I. Kuznetsova, et al., “The effect of motor activity upon the electrical instability of the heart during experimental emotional stress,” in: Sudden Death [In Russian], Vil'nyus (1984), pp. 318–332.
L. S. Ul'yaninskii, A. M. Bunyatyan, N. N. Beskrovnoava, et al., “Disturbance of cardiovascular functions during immobilization stress,” Vestn. Akad. Med. Nauk SSSR, No. 7, 96–100 (1986).
L. S. Ul'yaninskii, “Disturbances of the cardiovascular functions during experimental emotional stress,” in: Functional Systems of the Organism [in Russian], Moscow (1987), pp. 285–292.
B. M. Fedorov, Emotions and Cardiac Activity [in Russian], Meditsina, Moscow (1977).
V. A. Tsybenko, “Differential interaction of the hypothalamic and bulbar mechanisms in the regulation of blood flow in sleketal muscles,” Byull. éksp. Biol. Med., No. 8, 3–5 (1983).
E. A. Yumatov, “Cardiovascular reactions during emotional strain,” Fiziol. Cheloveka,6, 5, 893–906 (1980).
E. A. Yumatov and Yu. G. Skotselyas, “Comparative analysis of the stability of functions of the cardiovascular system in rats of different strains during immobilization,” Zh. Vyssh. Nerv, Deyat.,29, 2, 345–352 (1979).
J. Brod, M. Cachovan, J. Bahlmann, et al., “Hemodynamic changes during acute emotional stress in man with special reference to the capacitance vessels,” Klin. Wochenschr.,57, 11, 555–565 (1979).
A. Federici, L. Granata, O. Pinotti, et al., “Sul meccanismo della tachicardia prodotta da stimoli emotivi naturali nel cane,” Atti, Acad. naz. Lincei, Rend. Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat.,63, No. 5, 458–464, 1977 (1978).
K. V. Sudakov, “Emotional stress. System mechanisms,” in: Introduction to the Physiopathology of Neurotic States, G. Santibanez, H. M. Lindemann, eds., Verlag Georg Thieme, Leipzig (1986), pp. 123–133.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 74, No. 11, pp. 1535–1545, November, 1988.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sudakov, K.V., Yumatov, E.A. & Ulyaninski, L.S. Hemodynamics in emotional responses and in emotional stress. Neurosci Behav Physiol 19, 399–407 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01197872
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01197872