Summary
-
1.
An investigation was made into the deactivating effect of steam on nickel catalysts in the course of their preparation by reduction with hydrogen under pressure.
-
2.
It was shown that pretreatment of a mixture of nickelous oxide and carrier (Al2O3, MgO) with steam under pressure results in the formation of catalysts of low activity. Similar treatment of a reduced carriersupported nickel catalyst has a very much smaller effect on activity.
-
3.
It was shown that steam treatment of a coprecipitated mixture of nickelous oxide and alumina ( or magnesia) under pressure results in a far-reaching irreversible change, namely recrystallization with great reduction in specific surface.
-
4.
It is evident that the deactivation of reduced nickel catalysts by steam in the course of their use is due to the formation of nickelous oxide films or phases that rapidly recrystallize and are reduced with difficulty with formation of coarsely dispersed nickel. It is probable that the mechanism here proposed is applicable also to the deactivation of iron catalysts by water vapor.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature cited
Sh. Tsutsumi, T. Toshijama and Sh. Nagao, J. Chem. Soc. Japan 54, 25 (1951).
T. A. Slovokhotova and A. B. Ivanov, Bull. Moscow Univ., Phys. Math. Series 1951, No. 2, 125.
M. Arnold, K. Atwood, H. Baugh and H. Smyser, Ind. Eng. Chem., 44, No. 5, 999 (1952).
N. D. Zelinsky and G. S. Pavlov, J. Russ. Chem. Soc. 58, 1309 (1926).
J. Aubry, Bull. soc. chim. 5, 1333 (1938).
P. Sabatier and Z. Espil, Compt. rend. 158, 668 (1914).
A. Benton and P. Emmett, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 46, 2728 (1924).
G. Gallo, Ann. chim. appl. 17, 535 (1927).
S. Brunauer, P. Emmett and A. Teller, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60, 309 (1938); 62, 1723 (1940).
A. P. Karnaukhova, A. V. Kiselev, and E. V. Khrapova, Proc. Acad. Sci. USSR 92, No, 2, 361 (1953).
I. E. Neimark, L. Kh. Freidlin, A. I. Rastrenenko and N. V. Borunova, Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Div. Chem. Sci. 1956, 784 (T.p. 803 ).
J. J. B. Van Eyk van Voorthuijsen and P. Franzen, Rec. trav, chim. 70, 793 (1951); 69, 666 (1950).
L. Kh. Freidlin, A. A. Balandin, and N. V. Borunova, Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Div. Chem. Sci. 1956, 128 (T.p. 121).
Kh. M. Minachev, N. I. Shuikin and I. D. Rozhdestvenskaya, Proc. Acad. Sci. USSR 72, 911 (1960).
S. S. Lachinov and V. A. Vvedensky, J. Appl. Chem. 10, 19, 435 (1937); S. S. Lachinov, J. Appl. Chem. 14, No. 9–10, 1260 (1940),
V. P. Kamzolkin and V. D. Livshits, J. Chem. Ind. 14, 93, 244 (1937).
S. Brunauer and P. Emmett, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 1732 (1940).
N. A. Shurmovskaya, B. P. Bruns and I. V. Trofimova, J. Phys. Chem. 26, No. 1, 48 (1952).
A. N. Bashkirov, Yu. B. Kagan, Yu. B. Kryukov, R. M. Fedorovich and M. I. Khotimskaya, Trans. Inst. Petroleum 4, 151 (1954).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Freidlin, L.K., Balandin, A.A., Borunova, N.V. et al. Mechanism of the deactivation of nickel catalysts by steam under pressure. Russ Chem Bull 5, 935–942 (1956). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01166406
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01166406