Summary
Density and viscosity measurements of three melts of volcanic rock composition (basalt and andesite) at low temperatures were carried out to understand the role of free volume in the viscous behavior of a magma and to estimate the flow unit in the melts. The data combined with literature data suggest the following conclusion: free-volume theory is not applicable to these silicate melts; the relation between viscosity and the inverse of free volume does not yield a straight line in a wide temperature range from the glass-transion temperature to 1550°C. However, two depolymerized melts, diopside and Oki-Dozen alkali basalt (OAB), yield almost linear relationships. Thus, the free-volume theory should hold to a fairly good approximation for these two melts. Based on this approximation, the radius of flow unit for diopside melt was calculated to be about 4.7 Å, and that for Oki-Dozen alkali basalt to be about 4.2 Å. The three-dimensional silicate anions which may correspond to the flow unit are Si14O35 14− and Si16O40 16− for diopside melt, and Si10O25 10− and Si12O30 12− for OAB melt. The temperature effect on the initial slope of the viscosity-pressure relation has also been examined in the frame of free-volume theory. It was concluded that the relative increase of the initial slope of the relation with increasing temperature might be caused by the increase of free volume.
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Taniguchi, H. On the volume dependence of viscosity of some magmatic silicate melts. Mineralogy and Petrology 49, 13–25 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01162923
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01162923