References
Gerstenhaber, M., Rothaus, O.S.: The solution of sets of equations in groups. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.48, 1531–1533 (1962)
Higman, G., Neumann, B.H., Neumann, H.: Embedding theorems for groups. J. London Math. Soc.24, 247–254 (1949)
Howie, J.: On pairs of 2-complexes and systems of equations over groups. J. Reine Angew. Math.324, 165–174 (1981)
Iwasawa, K.: Einige Sätze über freie Gruppen. Proc. Japan Acad. Ser. A Math. Sci.19, 272–274 (1943)
Lyndon, R., Schupp, P.: Combinatorial Group Theory. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1977
Magnus, W., Karass, A., Solitar, D.: Combinatorial Group Theory. New York: Wiley 1966
Stallings, J.: Homology and central series of groups. J. Algebra2, 170–181 (1965)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This work was partly supported by NSF Grant MCS 80-2858
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Stallings, J.R. Surfaces in three-manifolds and non-singular equations in groups. Math Z 184, 1–17 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01162003
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01162003