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The Jaala-Iitti rapakivi complex. An example of bimodal magmatism and hybridization in the Wiborg rapakivi batholith, southeastern Finland

Der Jaala-Iitti Rapakivi Komplex: Beispiel eines bimodalen Magmatismus und einer Hybridisierung im Wiborg Rapakivi Batholith, Südost-Finnland

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Summary

The dyke-like 1.63 Ga Jaala-Iitti rapakivi complex forms a 25 km long and up to 2 km wide intrusive body at the northwestern margin of the Wiborg rapakivi batholith cutting both the granites of the batholith and the surrounding 1.9 Ga Svecofennian crust. The subvolcanic-epizonal Jaala-Iitti complex consists of silicic (quartz-feldspar porphyry) and basic (diabase) rocks as well as more abundant intermediate hornblende-bearing hybrid rocks.

The hybrid rocks are characterised by: 1) diabase pillows and enclaves that commonly contain quartz and feldspar xenocrysts, 2) quartz megacrysts mantled by amphibole coronas, and 3) large, (up to 10 cm) rounded alkali feldspar megacrysts mantled by shells of micrographic plagioclase-quartz intergrowths. The observed data indicate that hybridization is caused by: 1) mixing of basic and silicic magmas, 2) incorporation of megacrysts from one of the interacting magmas into the another, and 3) assimilation and disaggregation of xenoliths and xenocrysts. It is proposed that the hybridization took place mainly before eruption deep in the crust where basic mantle-derived magmas and silicic crust-derived magmas interacted.

Zusammenfassung

Der gangförmige, 1.63 Mia alte Jaala-Iitti Rapakivi Komplex stellt einen 25 km langen und bis zu 2 km breiten Intrusionskörper am Nordwestrand des Wiborg Rapakivi Batholithes dar, der sowohl die Granite des Batholithes, wie auch die umgebende 1.9 Mia alte svekofennische Kruste durchschneidet. Der subvulkanische, epizonale Jaalalitti Komplex besteht aus sauren (Quarz-Feldspat-Porphyr) und basischen (Diabase) Gesteinen und aus häufig vorkommenden, intermediären, hornblendeführenden, hybriden Gesteinen.

Die hybriden Gesteine sind durchfolgende Charakteristika gekennzeichnet: 1) Diabas-Pillows und Enklaven, die überwiegend aus Quarz- und FeldspatXenokristallen bestehen, 2) Quarz-Megakristalle, die einen kronenartigen Amphibolsaum zeigen, und 3) große (bis 10 cm), runde Alkalifeldspat-Megakristalle, die von mikrographisch verwachsenem Quarz-Feldspat umrandet sind. Die beobachteten Erscheinungen deuten an, daß die Hybridisierung durch 1) Mischung von basischen und sauren Magmen, 2) Inkorporation von Megakristallen von einem in das andere der beiden sich mischenden Magmen, und 3) Assimilation und Disaggregation von Xenolithen und Xenokristallen, verursacht ist. Es wird angenommen, daß die Hybridisierung tief in der Kruste, vor der Eruption entstanden ist, dort, wo basische, aus dem Mantel stammende mit sauren, aus der Kruste stammenden Magmen in Wechselwirkung getreten sind.

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Salonsaari, P.T., Haapala, I. The Jaala-Iitti rapakivi complex. An example of bimodal magmatism and hybridization in the Wiborg rapakivi batholith, southeastern Finland. Mineralogy and Petrology 50, 21–34 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01160136

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