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Physiologie und pathophysiologie des Vestibularorganes

On normal and pathological function of the vestibular organ

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Summary

A survey is given of the physiology of the vestibular organ. The author has tried to show how the newest developments are often based on the work of predecessors of sometimes more than a century ago and all too often forgotten. Since this work is written for a society of ear, nose and throat specialists it deal above all with the functioning of the human vestibular system, both in a healthy an a diseased state.

The various parts of the vestibular organ are discussed in chapter 2. In chapter 3 their specific stimulation is described, together with the mechanical behaviour of these sense organst, the way in which the stimuli influence the receptorcells (chapter 4) and the sensations and reflexes they provoke (chapter 5). Nystagmus and other eye movements and the ways to record them are treated in chapter 6.

In the following chapters (7, 8 and 9) the effect of various ways of stimulation and their value for the understanding of the normal function of the vestibular organ and its diseases is treated: acceleration, both rotatory and linear; caloric stimulation; galvanic stimulation.

Special attention is given to the reactions of the separate suborgans, but also to the intense influence of the action of the one on that of the other. This appears very clearly from the study of combinations of various stimulations like the “barbecue” test (rotation about a horizontal axis).

In chapter 10 the influence of central activity (adaption, habituation, pattern-copy building) and its importance for any judgment of the function of the vestibular organ is illustrated.

A short description of the results of electrical stimulation of parts of the central nervous system (chapter 11) is followed by the discussion in chapter 12 of (pseudo) vestibular symptoms caused by cervical stimulation and their origin (circulatory, neurovascular or via sensory afferent nerve fibres from the neck).

The author finishes his survey with a warning that he did not try to achieve completeness. He especially endeavoured to bring forward some points of view that during recent years did not receive much attention in the literature about this subject.

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Jongkees, L.B.W. Physiologie und pathophysiologie des Vestibularorganes. Arch. Klin. Exp. Ohr.-, Nas.- U. Kehlk. Heilk. 194, 1–110 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01159872

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