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Microstructural development of ZnO varistor during reactive liquid phase sintering

Journal of Materials Science volume 31, pages 5391–5398 (1996)Cite this article

Abstract

The microstructural evolution, grain growth and densification for the varistor systems ZnO-Bi2O3 (ZB), ZnO-Bi2O3-Sb2O3 (ZBS), ZnO-Bi2O3-Sb2O3-MnO-Cr2O3-CoO (ZBSCCM) were studied using constant heating rate sintering, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) andin situ phase formation measurement by high temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD). The results showed that the densifying process is controlled by the formation and decomposition of the Zn2Bi3Sb3O14 pyrochlore (PY) phase for the ZBS and ZBSCCM systems. The addition of transition metals (ZBSCCM system) alters the formation and decomposition reaction temperatures of the pyrochlore phase and the morphology of the Zn7Sb2O12 spinel phase. Thus, the spinel grains act as inclusions and decrease the ZnO grain growth rate. Spinel grain growth kinetics in the ZBSCCM system showed ann value of 2.6, and SEM and HT-XRD results indicate two grain growth mechanisms based on coalescence and Ostwald ripening.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Caixa Postal 676, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brasil

    E. R. Leite, M. A. L. Nobre & E. Longo

  2. Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Caixa Postal 355, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brasil

    J. A. Varela

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  1. E. R. Leite
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  2. M. A. L. Nobre
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  3. E. Longo
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  4. J. A. Varela
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Leite, E.R., Nobre, M.A.L., Longo, E. et al. Microstructural development of ZnO varistor during reactive liquid phase sintering. J Mater Sci 31, 5391–5398 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01159308

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01159308

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