Abstract
In this paper a combined theoretical and experimental study is reported on the process of solidification of a liquid metal droplet by impaction on a cold substrate (splat-quenching). The study is focused on the heat transfer aspects of this process and on the identification of parameters affecting the heat transfer mechanism. To this end, the effect of the droplet impact velocity and temperature, the effect of the substrate material and its initial temperature, and the effect of the thermal contact resistance between the splat and the substrate are investigated. A two-dimensional conduction model accounting for the freezing process in the splat and for the solidification kinetics has predicted reasonably well the trends observed in the experimental part of the study.
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12 September 2004
T. BENNETT and D. POULIKAKOS, J. Mater. Sci. 29 (1994) 2025
Abbreviations
- c :
-
Specific heat
- D :
-
Droplet diameter
- g :
-
Gravitational acceleration
- h a :
-
Heat transfer coefficient between splat and ambient
- h c :
-
Heat transfer coefficient for splat-substrate interface
- H :
-
Thickness of splat
- k :
-
Thermal conductivity
- K f :
-
Freezing kinetics coefficient
- L :
-
Free-fall distance
- L f :
-
Latent heat of freezing
- Nu d :
-
Nusselt number (hD/k)
- Pr :
-
Prandtl number (v/α)
- r :
-
Radial distance
- R :
-
Radius of splat
- Re :
-
Reynolds number (uD/v)
- t :
-
Time
- t c :
-
Free-fall time
- T :
-
Temperature
- T f :
-
Freezing temperature of splat
- T i :
-
Freezing interface temperature
- T 0 :
-
Substrate temperature
- T ∞ :
-
Ambient temperature
- ΔT c :
-
Temperature drop across the splat-substrate interface
- u :
-
Impact velocity of droplet
- V :
-
Freezing interface velocity
- z :
-
Axial distance
- α:
-
Thermal diffusivity
- v :
-
Kinematic viscosity
- θ:
-
Instantaneous temperature difference between falling droplet and ambient
- θa :
-
Initial temperature difference between falling droplet and ambient
- 1:
-
Liquid phase
- s:
-
Solid phase
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Bennett, T., Poulikakos, D. Heat transfer aspects of splat-quench solidification: modelling and experiment. J Mater Sci 29, 2025–2039 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01154677
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01154677