Skip to main content
Log in

Urban politics and federal equity policy: Title IX and employment in New York City public schools

  • Published:
The Urban Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The implementation of federal educational equity policies, such as Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, has been beset by numerous difficulties, of a political, legislative, and administrative nature. The paper analyzes these factors as they influenced the effect of Title IX with respect to employment of women in administrative positions by the New York City Board of Education in the period 1972–1981. It concludes that policy design and management, as well as local political alignments, condemned the law to ineffectuality and that they will continue to do so barring other policy formulations and political configurations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aiello, S. (President of the Board of Education, New York City Board of Education). Personal interview, July 1979.

  • Arricale II, F. C. (Community Superintendent of District 19, New York City). Personal interview, August 1979.

  • Bardach, E.Implementation Game. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Board of Education v. Califano, 585 S. 576, 2d Cir., 1978, aff'd. 444 U.S. 730, 1979.

  • Board of Education v. Harris, 622 F.S. 599, 2d Cir., 1979, denied.

  • Bresnick, D. Blacks, Hispanics and others: decentralization and ethnic succession.Urban Education 1977,12 129–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, G. (Office of Recruitment, New York City Board of Education). Personal interview, September 1979.

  • Caufield v. Board of Education, Civ. No. 77-2155 (ED. N.Y., 1977).

  • Esrig, B. (Assistant to the Deputy Chancellor, New York City Board of Education). Personal interview, July 1979.

  • Fishel, A., and Pottker, J.National Politics and Sex Discrimination in Education. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleishman, H.American Jewish Committee Discussion Guide. New York: American Jewish Committee, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Governing Council, American Jewish Congress. Resolution on affirmative action and goals. October 20, 1974.

  • Kirp, D., and Yudof, M.educational Policy and the Law. Berkeley, Calif.: McCutchan, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann, D.The Politics of Administrative Representation. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • New York City Board of Education.Compliance with Title IX (Appendix I). New York, 1977.

  • New York City Board of Education.Annual Census Report. New York: Delta Research Corporation, 1978–1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Northhaven Board of Education v. Hufsteadler, 629 F.2D 773 (2d Cir. 1980), (Aff' d Sub Nom., Northhaven Board of Education v. Bell, 102 S. Ct. 1912 (1982).

  • Professional women in public schools, 1970–1971.NEA Research Bulletin, 1972,49, 67–68.

  • Representative of the National Council of Administrative Women in Education, New York Chapter. Statement made at the meeting of the Phi Delta Kappa Association, Fordham University, New York, June 1980.

  • Salamone, R. (Assistant to the Director of Funded Programs, New York City Board of Education). Personal interview, July 1979.

  • The Status of Title IX in Region X. Washington, D.C.: Miller and Associates, October 1978.

  • Tomes, G. (Division of Personnel, New York City Board of Education). Personal interview, July 1979.

  • Tucker, L.Are You Complying with Title IX? (Memorandum). New York City: Board of Education, November 14, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, L.Title IX Self-Evaluation Reports (Memorandum). New York City: Board of Education, January 14, 1977(a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, L.Title IX Evaluation Report (Memorandum). New York City: Board of Education, February 7, 1977(b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, L. (Division of Personnel, New York City Board of Education). Personal interview, December 1978.

  • U.S. Congress, Committee on Education and Labor, Special Subcommittee on Education.Discrimination Against Women. Hearings before the Special Subcommittee on Education on Section 805 of H.R. 16098, 91st Congress, 2d session, 1970.

  • U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Education and Labor.Statement of Daisy Shaw. Hearings before the Special Subcommittee on Education and Labor, 92d Congress, 1st session, March 9, 1971.

  • U.S. Congress, Senate. Statement of Dr. Bernice Sandler. 93d Congress,Congressional Record 1972,118 5811.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Letter to Chancellor Irving Anker, November 9, 1976.

  • U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare,Memorandum of Understanding Between the Board of Education of the City of New York and the Office of Civil Rights. September 7, 1977.

  • U.S. Law Week, 49, 3528 U.S., January 26, 1981.

  • Vigilante, R. Selected information from ethnic survey. New York City Board of Education, 1978.

  • Weissman, B. (Division of Personnel, New York City Board of Education). Personal interview, August 1979.

  • Whitney, H. (Office of Civil Rights, Region II). Personal interview, September 1979; telephone interviews, December 1979; June 1980; September 1980; March 1981.

  • Wirt, F., Cresswell, A., and Irwin, P. The politics of federal aid to education. In J. Berke and M. Kirst et al. (Eds.),Federal Aid to Education: Who Benefits? Who Governs? Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bordier, N., Menaham, M. Urban politics and federal equity policy: Title IX and employment in New York City public schools. Urban Rev 16, 87–101 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01142701

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01142701

Keywords

Navigation