Skip to main content
Log in

What's in a word: The distancing function of language in medicine

  • Published:
Journal of Medical Humanities Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Medical language frequently contains linguistic forms that serve to create a social distance between physicians and patients. This distance develops not only out of poor communication with the patient, but also, and more importantly, arises as the language that a physician uses comes to modulate his or her experience of the patient. It is suggested that some of the problem lies in the very nature of language itself, and that further fault can be found in the particular structures of Western language. Unfortunately, however, medical language has adopted special forms and metaphors which further serve to create distance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sapir, E. (1929). The status of linguistics as a science.Language 5: 207–214.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Whorf, B. L. (1956).Language, thought, and reality. Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Vygotsky, L. (1962)Thought and Language. Cambridge, Mass: M.I.T. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Spence, D. P. (1982).Narrative truth and historical truth: Meaning and interpretation in psychoanalysis. New York: W. W. North & Company.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Harré, R. (1984).Personal being: a theory for individual psychology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bernstein, B. (1972). A sociolinguistic approach to socialization, with some references to educability. In J. J. Gumpers & D. Hymes (Eds.)Directions in sociolinguistics. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  7. de Saussure, F. (1974).Course in general linguistics. C. Beilly & A. Sechehaye (Eds.). London: Fontana/Collins.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980).Metaphors we live by. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Austin, J. L. (1962).How to do things with words. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Heidegger, M. (1971). Building dwelling thinking.In Poetry, Language, Thought. A. Hofstader (Tr.). New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Foucault, M. (1966/1970).The order of things: An archaeology of the human sciences. Random House: New York.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Derrida, J. (1976).Of grammatology. G. C.Spivac (Tr.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Schopenhauer, A. (1951). “On education” inEssays from the parerga and paralipomena T.Bailey Saunders (Trans.). London: George Allen and Unwin, Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Nietzsche, F. N. (1901/1967).The will to power. W.Kaufmann & R. J.Hollingdale (Trs.). New York: Vintage Books.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Stevens, W. (1967).The palm at the end of the mind. New York: Vintage Books.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Cassel, E. J. (1976). Disease as an “it”: concepts of disease revealed by patients presentation of symptoms.Soc. Sci. Med., 10: 143–146.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Hodgkin, P. (1983). Medicine is war: and other medical metaphors.Br. Med. J., 291: 1820–1821.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Dixon, A. S. (1983). Family medicine—at a loss for words. J. R.Coll. Gen. Pract., 33: 356–363.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Warner, R. (1976). The relationship between language and disease concepts.Int'l. J. Psychiatry in Med., 7: 57–68.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Donnelly, W. J. (1986). Medical language as symptom: Doctor talk in teaching hospitals.Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 30: 81–94.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Poirier, S. & Brauner, D. J. (1988). Ethics and the daily language of medical discourse.Hastings Center Report, 5–9.

  22. Wyndham, D. (1984). Medical mystification.Med. J. Australia, 832–835.

  23. Reiser, D. E., & Rosen, D. H. (1985).Medicine as human experience. Aspen Systems Corporation: Rockville, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Burnside, J. W. (1983). Medicine and war: A metaphor.JAMA, 249: 2091.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Caster, J. H. & Gatens-Robinson, E. (1983). Metaphor in medicine.JAMA, 250: 1841.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Fein, R. (1982). What is wrong with the language of medicine?N. Engl. J. Med., 306: 863–864.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Buckman, R. (1984). Breaking bad news: Why is it still so difficult?Br. Med. J., 288: 1597–1599.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Swift, J. (1726). Gulliver's Travels. New York: Dell Publishing Co., Inc.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mintz, D. What's in a word: The distancing function of language in medicine. J Med Hum 13, 223–233 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01137420

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01137420

Keywords

Navigation