Abstract
The possibility of using pyrolyzed wastes produced in already working incineration plants, as adsorbents for waste water treatment, was studied. Showing very poor adsorption properties, they were improved by steam activation technique used in the conventional activated carbon manufacturing. It is concluded that various organic waste materials can be converted to carbonaceous final products with a character similar to activated carbon. Their adsorption properties and pore size distribution are determined by the structure of the starting material. Although most of these samples have a low specific surface area, their pore volume is not negligible in the meso-and micropore range. Adsorption tests with model waste waters confirmed that adsorption properties are strongly influenced by the character of the suface. The adsorption capacity of these samples can be utilized for the treatment of strongly polluted industrial waste waters. Considering that the raw material ‘needed’ to manufacture these adsorbent is produced permanently and the adsorbents do not have to be regenerated, it might be worthwhile using these kinds of adsorbents in the primary treatment of industrial waste waters.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barrett, E.P., L.G. Joyner, and P.P. Halenda, “Determination of Pore Volume and Area Distributions in Porous Substances. I. Computation from Nitrogen Isotherms”J. Am. Chem. Soc.,73, 373–380 (1951).
Benke, D., Ph.D. Thesis, University of New South Wales, Adelaide, Australia, 1993.
Bóta, A., K. László et al. “Active Carbon from Waste Materials,” inProc. of 6th Hungarian Conf. on Colloid Chemistry in Memoriam G. Schay, Balatonszéplak, p. 173, 1992.
Bóta A., K. László et al., Aktívszén elöállítása hulladékokból, Magyar Kémiai Folyóirat.99(7–8), 316–323 (1993).
Dubinin, M.M., inProgress in Surface Membrane Science, D.A. Cadenhead, J.F. Danelli, and M.D. Rosenberg (Eds.), Vol. 9, p. 1, Academic Press, New York, 1975.
El Hakim, Ph.D. Thesis, KFA Jülich, 1992.
Ferro-Garcia, M.A., E. Ultera-Hidalgo, J. Rivera-Utrilla, and C. Moreno-Castilla, “Regeneration of Activated Carbons Exhausted with Chlorophenols,”Carbon,31(6), 857 (1993).
Gergova, K., N. Petrov, and S. Eser, “Adsorption Properties and Microstructure of Activated Carbons Produced from Agricultural By-Products by Steam Pyrolysis,”Carbon,32, 693–702 (1994).
Glatter, O. and O. Kratky (Eds.),Small Angle X-Ray Scattering, Academic Press, London, 1982.
González, M.T., M. Molina-Sabio, and F. Rodriguez-Reneiso, “Steam Activation of Olive Stone Chars, Development of Porosity,”Carbon,32 1407–1413 (1994).
Gregg, S.J. and K.S.W. Sing,Adsorption, Surface Area. Porosity., Academic Press, London, 1967.
Halsey, G.D. “Physical Adsorption on Nonuniform Surface”J. Chem. Phys.,16, 931–937 (1948).
Jánosi, A. and H.F. Stoeckli, “Comparative Study of Gas Adsorption and Small Angle X-Ray Scattering by Active Carbons,” inRelation to Heterogeneity, Carbon 17, 465–469 (1979).
László, K., A. Bóta, A. Simay, and L.Gy. Nagy, Hulladékból elöállitott aktívszenek minösítése. Magyar Kémiai Folyóirat,99(7–8), 324–327 (1993).
László, K., A. Bóta, A. Simay, L.G. Nagy et al., “Application of Activated Carbon from Waste Materials in Waste Water Treatment,” inProc. of Challenges and Innovations in the Management of Hazardous Waste Sites, Washington, D.C., 1995 (in press).
Lussier, M.G., J.C. Shull, and D.J. Miller, “Activated Carbon from Cherry Stones,”Carbon,32, 1493–1498 (1994).
Magne, P. and Walker, Jr., “Phenol Adsorption on Activated Carbons: Application to the Regeneration of Activated Carbons Polluted with Phenol,”Carbon,24(2), 101–107 (1986).
NORIT Testing Methods, Norit N.V., Holland, Special publication.
Noszkó, L.H., A. Bóta, Á. Simay, and L.Gy. Nagy, “Preparation of Activated Carbon from the By-Products of Agricultural Industry,”Periodica Polytechnica,28, 293–297 (1984).
Rippen—Handbuch Umweltchemikalien-16,Erg. Lfg. 7/92, 1–15.
Rivera-Utrilla, J., E. Ultera-Hidalgo, M.A. Ferro-Garcia, and C. Moreno-Castilla, “Comparison of Activated Carbons Prepared from Agricultural Raw Materials and Spanish Lignites When Removing Chlorophenols from Aqueous Solutions,”Carbon,29(4/5), 613–619 (1991).
Rodriguez-Reinoso, F. and M. Molina-Sabio, “Activated Carbons from Lignocellulosic Materials by Chemical and/or Physical Activation: An Overview,”Carbon,30, 1111–1118 (1992).
Roth. Wassergefahrende Stoffe, Vol. 3, 1991.
Rudling, J. and E. Björkholm, “Effect of Adsorbed Water on Solvent Desorption of Organic Vapors Collected on Activated Carbon,”Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.,47, 615–620 (1986).
Snyder, L.R.,Pricipes of Adsorption Chromatography, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1968.
Urano, K., Y. Koichi, and E. Yamamoto, “Equilibria for Adsorption of Organic Compounds on Activated Carbons in Aqueous Solutions,”J. Coll. Interface Sci. 86(1), 43–50 (1982).
Worch, E., R. Kümmel, and R. Büttner, “Zur Anwendung der Potentialtheorie auf die Gemischadsorption Aus waßeringen Lösungen,”Chem. Techn.,42(9), 399–402 (1990).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bóta, A., László, K., György Nagy, L. et al. Adsorbents from Waste materials. Adsorption 3, 81–91 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01133009
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01133009