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Is the sperm-binding capability of the zona pellucida linked to its surface structure? A scanning electron microscopic study of human in vitro fertilization

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Abstract

The structure of the zona pellucida and the early interactions between human oocytes and spermatozoa were investigated in an in vitro fertilization program. Thirty-five mature (preovulatory) oocytes, 10 immature oocytes lacking a germinal vesicle, and 11 atretic oocytes which had not undergone fertilization at 10–20 hr after insemination were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Observed through employment of these techniques, the zona pellucida showed two basically different patterns: a mesh-like, spongy structure having wide and/or close meshes; and a compact, smooth surface. The smooth-surfaced zona was most commonly seen in the cultured oocytes belonging to the immature and atretic groups. These observations seem to show that the spongy appearance of the zona pellucida is related mainly to oocyte development and maturity. In this study, greater numbers of penetrating spermatozoa were noted on oocytes showing the mesh-like zona, in contrast to the presence of a few sperm flattened against its surface or the frank absence of sperm associated with oocytes having the more compact, smooth zona. It is likely that the condensation of the outer aspect of the zona pellucida causes a disorientation of sperm-binding sites, which would probably result in markedly reduced binding and penetration capacity with spermatozoa. These changes might ultimately lead to impairment of in vitro oocyte fertilizability.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, University Medical School “La Sapienza”, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy

    Giuseppe Familiari, Stefania A. Nottola & Pietro M. Motta

  2. IVF-ET/GIFT Unit, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy

    Giulietta Micara & Cesare Aragona

Authors
  1. Giuseppe Familiari
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  2. Stefania A. Nottola
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  3. Giulietta Micara
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  4. Cesare Aragona
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  5. Pietro M. Motta
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Dedicated to Professor Johannes Lang on his 65th birthday.

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Familiari, G., Nottola, S.A., Micara, G. et al. Is the sperm-binding capability of the zona pellucida linked to its surface structure? A scanning electron microscopic study of human in vitro fertilization. J Assist Reprod Genet 5, 134–143 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01131175

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01131175

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