Skip to main content
Log in

Terminal Pleistocene and Holocene hunters and gatherers in the eastern Sudan

  • Published:
African Archaeological Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Excavations by the joint University of Khartoum/Southern Methodist University Butana Project in the area just north of Khashm el Girba on the upper Atbara River have uncovered a series of preceramic and early ceramic occupations by hunters and gatherers which date fromca 10,000 bp toca 6200 bp. The earlier sites show no direct relations with those of similar age in the northern Sudan, while the later, early ceramic sites show only minor similarities with contemporary occurrences in the central Nile Valley. Thus, it appears that the upper Atbara River Valley played no role in the development of the Khartoum Mesolithic and that Nilotic influences were late reaching the eastern Sudan.

Résumé

Des fouilles entreprises par le projet Butana dirigé en commun par l'université de Khartoum et le Southern Methodist University dans la région juste au nord de Khashm el Girba sur le cours supérieur de l'Atbara, ont découvert une série d'occupations précéramiques et céramiques anciennes de chasseurs-cueilleurs, qui datent deca 10,000 bp àca 6200 bp. Les gisements les plus anciens ne semblent pas avoir eu de relations directes avec ceux de la même période dans le nord du Soudan, tandis que les gisements plus tardifs à céramiques ne montrent que de petites analogies avec des occupations contemporaines dans la vallée centrale du Nil. Il semble donc que la haute vallée de l'Atbara n'a joué aucun rôle dans le développement du Mésolithique de Khartoum et que des influences nilotiques n'atteignirent que bien plus tard le Soudan oriental.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arkell, A. J. 1949.Early Khartoum. London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arkell, A. J. 1953.Shaheinab. London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arkell, A. J. 1975.The Prehistory of the Nile Valley. (Handbuch der Orientalistik. Vol. 1: Der Alte Vordere Orient.) Leiden/Köln: E. J. Brill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caneva, I. (ed.) 1983. Pottery-using gatherers and hunters at Saggai (Sudan): preconditions for food production.Origini 12:7–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gautier, A. 1968. Mammalian remains of the northern Sudan and southern Egypt. InThe Prehistory of Nubia (ed. F. Wendorf): pp. 80–99. Dallas: Fort Burgwin Research Center and Southern Methodist University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geus, F. 1977.Rapport annuel d'activité 1976–77. Khartoum: Sudan Antiquities Service, French Archaeological Research Unit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geus, F. 1979.Rapport annuel d'activité 1977–78. Khartoum: Sudan Antiquities Service, French Archaeological Research Unit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haaland, R. 1981.Migratory Herdsmen and Cultivating Women: the structure of Neolithic seasonal adaptation in the Khartoum Nile environment. Bergen.

  • Hays, T. R. 1971.The Sudanese Neolithic: a critical analysis. Ph.D. thesis, Southern Methodist University.

  • Irwin, H. T., Wheat, J. B. and Irwin, L. F. 1968.University of Colorado Investigations of Paleolithic and Epipaleolithic Sites in the Sudan, Africa. University of Utah Anthropological Papers, 90 (Nubian Series, 3). Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khabir, A. 1985. A Neolithic site in the Sarurab area.Nyame Akuma 26:40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks, A. E. 1970.Preceramic Sites (Scandinavian Joint Expedition to Sudanese Nubia, 2). Stockholm: Scandinavian University Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks, A. E. 1976. Glossary. InPrehistory and Palaeoenvironments of the Central Negev, Israel: 1—The Avdat/Aqev area, part 1 (ed. A. E. Marks): pp. 371–83. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks, A. E., Shiner, J. L. and Hays, T. R. 1968. Survey and excavations in the Dongola Reach, Sudan.Current Anthropology 9:319–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks, A. E., Mohammed-Ali, A., Peters, J. and Robertson, R. 1985. The Prehistory of the Central Nile Valley as seen from its eastern hinterlands: Excavations at Shaqadud Cave, Sudan.Journal of Field Archaeology 12:261–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks, A. E., Peters, J., and Van Neer, W. in press. Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene occupations in the Upper Atbara River Valley, Sudan. InAdaptations to Aridity (ed. A. Close). Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press.

  • Shiner, J. 1968. The Khartoum Variant Industry. InThe Prehistory of Nubia (ed. F. Wendorf): pp. 786–90. Dallas: Fort Burgwin Research Center and Southern Methodist University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wendorf, F. (ed). 1968.The Prehistory of Nubia. Dallas: Fort Burgwin Research Center and Southern Methodist University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Marks, A.E. Terminal Pleistocene and Holocene hunters and gatherers in the eastern Sudan. Afr Archaeol Rev 5, 79–92 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01117084

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01117084

Keywords

Navigation