Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Renegotiating vocational instruction

  • Published:
The Urban Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recent research by the author and others suggests that secondary vocational instruction may often fail to develop students' analytical and critical thinking skills. This failure, it is argued, is manifest in teacher-student “negotiation” as set in a complex social, economic, and institutional context. The article focuses on how vocational education might be reformed to address this problem. Discussed are the need for instruction in problem solving and decision making, more basic skill instruction, student involvement in the group management of entrepreneurial projects, development of critical thinking skills for the purpose of improving workplaces and society, revision of vocational teacher preparation, and a restructuring of the ways in which secondary vocational education is offered. Vocational education is redefined as academically integrated, experiential coursework in which a diverse group of students is educated broadly for work, learning, and life.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adler, M. (1982).The Paideia Proposal: An Educational Manifesto. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Advisory Commission on Vocational Education (1968).Vocational Education: The Bridge Between Man and His Work. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allan, R., and Gorth, W. (1979). Questions of efficacy: A review of state surveys.Vocational Education 54(4): 48–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Vocational Association (1979).Facts and Figures on Vocational Education in the United States. Washington, DC: American Vocational Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aronowitz, S., and Giroux, H. (1985).Education Under Siege: The Conservative, Liberal and Radical Debate Over Schooling. South Hadley, MA: Bergin and Garvey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Behn, W., Carnoy, M., Carter, M., Crain, J. and Levin, H. (1974). School is bad; work is worse.School Review 83: 49–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beyer, B. (1983). Common sense about teaching thinking skills.Education Leadership 41: 44–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beyer, B. (1984a). Improving thinking skills—defining the problem.Phi Delta Kappan 65: 486–490.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beyer, B. (1984b). Improving thinking skills—practical approaches.Phi Delta Kappan 65:556–560.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bottoms, G. (1979). Communicating the effectiveness of vocational education.Technical Education News 39(2): 16–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bottoms, G., and Copa, P. (1983). A perspective on vocational education today.Phi Delta Kappan 64(5):348–354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boud, D., Keough, R., and Walker, D. (eds.) (1985).Reflection: Turning Experience Into Learning. New York: Nichols Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowles, S., and Gintis, H. (1976).Schooling in Capitalist America. New York: Basic Books, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bracey, G. (1983). On the compelling need to go beyond minimum competency.Phi Delta Kappan June: 717–721.

  • Bransford, J., Sherwood, R., Vye N., and Rieser, J. (1986). Teaching thinking and problem-solving.American Psychologist 41(10): 1078–1089.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braverman, H. (1974).Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century. New York: Monthly Review Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, P. (1986). Vocational education: Access, equity and consequence.Educational Horizons 65(1): 10–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carnegie Council (1979).Giving Youth a Better Chance: Options for Education, Work, and Service. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carnoy, M., and Levin, H. (1985).Schooling and Work in the Democratic State. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carnoy, M., and Shearer, D. (1980).Economic Democracy: The Challenge of the 1980's. White Plains, NY: M. E. Sharpe, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Claus, J. (1986). Opportunity or inequality in vocational education? An ethnographic investigation. Unpublished dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.

  • Claus J. (1990). Opportunity or inequality in vocational education? A qualitative investigation.Curriculum Inquiry, 20(1).

  • Coleman, J., Linvingston, S., Fennessey, G., Edwards, K., and Kidder, S. (1973). The Hopkins games program: Conclusions from seven years of research.Educational Researcher 2(7): 3–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Copa, G. (1987). Effecting revisions of vocational education in secondary schools. Paper presented at annual meeting of American Educational Research Association, Washington, DC.

  • Copa G., and Forsberg. (1980)Measuring the Employment and Further Education Effects of Secondary Vocational Education in Minnesota. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.

    Google Scholar 

  • Copa, G., Plihal, J., and Johnson, M. (1986).Revisioning Vocational Education in the Secondary School. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota Research and Development Center for Vocational Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corman, L. (1980).Basic Skills Proficiencies of Secondary Vocational Education Students. Vocational Education Study Publication, No. 4., Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costa, A. (ed.), (1985).Developing Minds. Alexandira, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Counts, G. (1922).The Selective Character of American Secondary Education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cusick, P. (1983).The Egalitarian Ideal and the American High School. New York: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, T., and Johnston, J. (1976). High school boys in vocational education programs: Facts and fallacies.The Vocational Guidance Quarterly 25(2): 106–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Education (1981).Vocational Education: Report by the Secretary of Education to the Congress. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Education (1988). First Interim Report From the National Assessment of Vocational Education. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, J. (1913). An undemocratic proposal.Vocational Education 2: 374–377. Also in Lazerson, M., and Grubb, W. (eds.) (1974).American Education and Vocationalism. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, J. (1938).Experience and Education. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, J. (1977). Education vs. trade training: Dr. Dewey's reply.Curriculum Inquiry 7: 37–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duggan, P., and Mazza, J. (1986).Learning to Work—Improving Youth Employability. Washington, DC: Northeast-Midwest Institute, The Center for Regional Policy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eggen, P., and Kauchak, D. (1988).Strategies for Teachers: Teaching Content and Thinking Skills 2nd edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feiman-Nemser, S., and Floden, R. (1986). The cultures of teaching. In M. Wittrock (ed.),Handbook of Research on Teaching 2nd edition. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fried, M. (1973).The World of the Urban Working Class. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giroux, H. (1989).Schooling and the Struggle for Public Life: Critical Pedagogy in the Modern Age. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giroux, H., and McLaren, P. (1986). Teacher education and the politics of engagement: The case for democratic schooling.Harvard Educational Review 56(3): 213–238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodlad, J. (1984).A Place Called School: Prospects for the Future. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene, M. (1986). In search of a critical pedagogy.Harvard Educational Review 56(4): 427–441.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, D. (1980). Generalization in the education sciences: Problems and purposes. In T. Popkewitz and R. Tabachnick (eds.),The Study of Schooling: Field-Based Methodologies in Education Research. NY: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, M. (1982). On-the-job learning.Society 19(6): 48–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, S. (1980). Experiential learning programs for youth.American Journal of Education 88: 179–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, S., and Claus, J. (1981). Inequality and youth unemployment: Can work programs work?Education and Urban Society 14(1): 103–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, S., and Claus, J. (1985). Youth unemployment in the United States: Problems and programs. In R. Fidday (ed.),Youth Unemployment: National Strategies. London, England: Falmer Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, P. (1973). After apple-picking.Harvard Educational Review, 43(1): 51–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joyce, B., and Weil, M. (1986).Models of Teaching 3rd edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohn, M. (1977).Class and Conformity: A Study in Values. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohn, M., and Schooler, C. (1978). Occupational experience and psychological functioning: An assessment of reciprocal effects.American Sociological Review 38: 97–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazerson, M., and Grubb, W. (1974). Introduction inAmerican Education and Vocationalism: A Documentary History, 1870–1970. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazerson, M., McLaughlin, J., McPherson, B., and Bailey, S. (1985).An Education of Value: The Purposes and Practices of School. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, H. (1983). Youth unemployment and its educational consequences.Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 5(2): 231–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liston, D., and Ziechner, K. (1987). Critical pedagogy and teacher education.Journal of Education 169(3): 117–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lotto, L. (1983).Building Basic Skills: Results from Vocational Education. Research Development Series No. 237. Columbus, OH: The National Center for Research in Vocational Education, Ohio State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lotto, L., and Murphy, J. (1987). Access to knowledge and high school vocational education.Journal of Vocational Education Research 12(3): 39–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • McArthur, V. (1980).Youth Entrepreneurship Demonstration Project: Interim Report #2. Manchester, NH: New England Institute of Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaren, P. (1988).Life in Schools. New York: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNeil, L. (1981). Negotiating classroom knowledge: Beyond achievement and socialization.Journal of Curriculum Studies 13: 313–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNeil, L. (1983). Defensive teaching and classroom control. In M. Apple and L. Weis (eds.),Ideology and Practice in Schooling. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNeil, L. (1986).Contradictions of Control: School Structure and School Knowledge. Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNeil, L. (1988). Contradictions of control, part 3: Contradictions of reform.Phi Delta Kappan 699(7): 478–485.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mertens, D., McElwain, D., Garcia, G., and Whitmore, M. (1980).The Effects of Participating in Vocational Education: Summary of Studies Reported Since 1968. Columbus, OH: The National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mott, P., Mann, F., McLoughlin, Q., and Warwick, D. (1965).Shift Work: The Social, Psychological and Physical Consequences. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Coalition of Advocates for Students (1985).Barriers to Excellence: Our Children at Risk. Boston: The National Coalition of Advocates for Students.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Institute of Education (1981).The Vocational Education Study: The Final Report. Washington, DC: National Institute of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oakes, J. (1985).Keeping Track: How Schools Structure Inequality. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Toole, J. (1977).Work, Learning and the American Future. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Toole, J. (1970). Education is education, and work is work—shall ever the twain meet?Teachers College Record 81(1): 6–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owens, T. (1987).A Guide for Enhancing Cooperation Between Vocational and Academic Teachers. Portland, OR: Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plihal, J. (1987). Alternative re-visions of vocational education in secondary schools. Paper presented at annual meeting of American Educational Research Association, Washington, DC.

  • Powell, A., Farrar, E., and Cohen, D. (1985).The Shopping Mall High School: Winners and Losers in the Educational Marketplace. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pritz, S., and Crowe, M. (1986).Techniques for Joint Effort: The Vocational Academic Approach. Columbus, OH: The National Center for Research in Vocational Education, Ohio State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raths, L., Wasserman, S., Jonas, A., and Rothstein, A. (1986).Teaching for Thinking: Theory, Strategies and Activities for the Classroom. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Resnick, D., and Resnick, L. (1985). Standards, curriculum and performance: A historical and comparative perspective.Educational Research 14(4): 5–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, D. (1973). Vocational and career education: A critique and some new directions.Teachers College Record 74: 471–511.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, L. (1976).Worlds of Pain. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, J. (1938). Vocational education. In Lazerson, M., and Grubb, W. (eds.) (1974).American Education and Vocationalism. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedlak, M., Wheeler, C., Pullin, D., and Cusick, P. (1986).Selling Students Short: Classroom Bargains and Academic Reform in the American High School. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shor, I., and Freire, P. (1987).A Pedagogy for Liberation. Bergin and Garvey: South Hadley, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silberman, H. (1986). Improving the status of high school vocational education.Educational Horizons 65(1): 5–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, R. (1983). But who will let you do it? Counter-hegemonic possibilities for work education.Journal of Education 165(3): 235–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, R., and Dippo, D. (1987). What schools can do: Designing programs for work education that challenges the wisdom of experience.Journal of Education 169(3).

  • Sizer, T. (1984).Horace's Compromise: The Dilemma of the American High School Today. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Special Task Force to the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare (1973).Work in America. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spence, D. (1986). Rethinking the role of vocational education.Educational Horizons 65(1): 20–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, D., Dayton, C., Paik, I., Weisberg, A., and Evans, J. (1988). Combining academic and vocational courses in an integrated program to reduce high school dropout rates: Secondary-year results from replications of the California Peninsula Academies.Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 10(2): 161–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valli, L. (1986).Becoming Clerical Workers. Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walther, R. (1976).Analysis and Synthesis of DOL Experience in Youth Transition to Work Programs. Springfield, VA: National Technical Information Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeichner, K., and Liston, D. (1987). Teaching student teachers to reflect.Harvard Educational Review 579(1): 23–48.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Claus, J.F. Renegotiating vocational instruction. Urban Rev 21, 193–207 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01112402

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01112402

Keywords

Navigation