Abstract
In recent years, solute-drag theory has been widely quoted to explain apparent discrepancies in kinetic measurements of transformations in steels. Since conventional impurity drag theory is concerned solely with drag at grain boundaries, many new, or “special” drag models have been developed to apply at interphase interfaces. An assessment is made of these special drag theories, and of the experimental evidence claimed in their support. It is found that our understanding of solute-drag at interphase interfaces is very weak, and that the experimental evidence for the existence of solute drag at transformation interfaces in steels is very doubtful.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. E. Burke,J. Appl. Phys. 18 (1947) 1208.
Idem, Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. (Metall.) Eng. 180 (1949) 73.
K. Lucke, G. Masing andP. Nolting,Z. Metattk. 47 (1956) 64.
G. F. Bolling andW. C. Winegard,Acta Metall. 6 (1958) 283.
Idem, ibid., Acta Metall. 6 (1958) 288.
J. W. Rutter andK. T. Aust,ibid. 6 (1958) 375.
K. T. Aust andJ. W. Rutter,Trans. Met. Soc. AIME 215 (1959) 119.
Idem, ibid. 215 (1959) 820.
J. W. Rutter andK. T. Aust,ibid. 218 (1960) 682.
E. L. Holmes andW. C. Winegard,J. Inst. Met. 88 (1960) 468.
Idem, Can. J. Phys. 39 (1961) 1223.
K. Lueke andK. Detert,Acta Metall. 5 (1957) 628.
J. W. Cahn,ibid. 10 (1962) 789.
K. Lueke andH. P. Stuwe,ibid. 19 (1971) 1087.
C. G. Shirley,ibid. 26 (1978) 391.
M. Hillert, Monograph and Report Series No. 33 (Institute of Metals, London, 1969) p. 231.
Idem, Metall. Trans. 6A (1975) 5.
Idem, Met. Sci. 13 (1979) 118.
M. Hillert andB. Sundman,Acta Metall. 24 (1976) 731.
D. Turnbull andR. E. Hoffman,ibid. 2 (1954) 419.
P. G. Shewmon,Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME 233 (1965) 736.
K. Smidoda, C. Gottschalk andH. Gleiter,Acta Metall 26 (1978) 1833.
Idem, Met. Sci 13 (1979) 146.
D. E. Coates,Metall. Trans. 4 (1973) 2313.
K. R. Kinsman andH. I. Aaronson, “Transformation and Hardenability in Steels” (Climax Molybdenum Co., Ann Arbor, USA, 1967) p. 39.
H. I. Aaronson, “The Mechanism of Phase Transformations in Crystalline Solids” (Institute of Metals, London, 1969) p. 270.
A. Einstein,Ann. Phys. 17 (1905) 549.
H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia andD. V. Edmonds,Acta Metall 28 (1980) 1265.
J. S. Kirkaldy andE. A. Baganis,Metall. Trans. 9A (1978) 495.
H. I. Aaronson, C. Laird andK. R. Kinsman, ‘Phase Transformations” (ASM, Metals Park, Ohio, 1970) p. 313.
J. R. Bradley andH. I. Aaronson,Metall. Trans. 12A (1981) 1729.
K. R. Kinsman andH. I. Aaronson,ibid. 4 (1973) 959.
G. J. Shiflet, H. I. Aaronson andJ. R. Bradley,ibid. 12A (1981) 1793.
R. F. Hehemann, K. R. Kinsman andH. I. Aaronson,ibid. 3 (1972) 1077.
R. H. Siller andR. B. McLellan,ibid. 1 (1970) 895.
H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia,Met. Sci. 15 (1981) 477.
B. Uhrenius,Scand. J. Metall 2 (1973) 177.
H. I. Aaronson, H. A. Domian andG. M. Pound,Trans. Met. Soc. AIME 236 (1966) 753.
H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia, Met. Sci.15 (1981) 178.
R. C. Sharma andG. R. Purdy,Metall. Trans. 4 (1973) 2303.
J. W. Christian, “Theory of Transformations in Metals and Alloys”, Part 1, 2nd edn. (Pergamon, Oxford, 1975) p. 482.
R. W. K. Honeycombe,Metall. Trans. 7A (1976) 915.
G. L. Dunlop andR. W. K. Honeycombe,Met. Sci. 10 (1976) 124.
D. V. Edmonds andR. W. K. Honeycombe,JISI 211 (1973) 209.
G. R. Purdy,Acta Metall. 26 (1978) 477.
Idem, ibid 26 (1978) 487.
B. Uhrenius, “Hardenability Concepts with Applications to Steel”, (TMS-AIME, Ohio, 1978) p. 29.
R. A. Ricks, P. D. Southwick andP. R. Howell,J. Microscopy 124 (1981) 23.
H. I. Aaronson, “Decomposition of Austenite by Diffusional Processes” (Interscience, New York, 1962) p. 387.
C. Atkinson, K. R. Kinsman andH. I. Aaronson,Scripts Metall,7 (1973) 1105.
K. R. Kinsman andH. I. Aaronson,Metall. Tram. 4 (1973) 959.
J. W. Christian, “Theory of Transformations in Metals and Alloys”, Part 1, 2nd edn. (Pergamon, Oxford, 1975) p. 476.
H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia andD. V. Edmonds,Metall. Trans. 10A (1979) 895.
J. W. Christian, “Theory of Transformations in Metals and Alloys” (Pergamon, Oxford, 1965) p. 673.
H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia,Acta Metall. 29 (1981) 1117.
Idem, Met. Sci. 16 (1982) 159.
H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia andA. R. Waugh,Acta Metall. 30 (1982) 775.
R. C. Sharma, G. R. Purdy andJ. S. Kirkaldy,Metall. Trans. 10A (1979) 1129.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bhadeshia, H.K.D.H. Considerations of solute-drag in relation to transformations in steels. J Mater Sci 18, 1473–1481 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01111967
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01111967