Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Experience-dependent neuropsychological recovery and the treatment of chronic alcoholism

  • Published:
Neuropsychology Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper reviews the relationship between cognitive status and treatment outcome in chronic alcoholics, the natural history of recovery, and the role of cognitively oriented remediation programs in facilitating recovery. Seven studies of experience-dependent recovery are described in which behavioral improvement was noted. Various recommendations for treatment over the course of recovery are made, guided by anticipated changes in capacity to process complex information over time.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbott, M. W., and Gregson, R. A. M. (1981). Cognitive dysfunction in the prediction of relapse in alcoholics.J. Studies Alcohol 42: 230–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, R. P., Faillace, L. A., and Reynolds, D. N. (1971). Recovery of memory functioning following prolonged alcohol intoxication.J. Nervous Mental Dis. 153: 417–423.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, R. P., Faillace, L. A., and Wagman, A. (1971). Recovery time for alcoholics after prolonged alcohol intoxication.Johns Hopkins Med. J. 128: 158–164.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, J. T., and Jaffee, J. H. (1984). Impaired memory for treatment-relevant information in inpatient men alcoholics.J. Alcohol 45: 339–343.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, J. T., Butters, N., Hermann, A., and D'Angelo, N. (1983). Learning to associate names and faces: Impaired association on an ecologically relevant memory task by male alcoholics.J. Nervous Mental Dis. 171: 617–623.

    Google Scholar 

  • Begleiter, H. (1981). Brain dysfunction and alcoholism: Problems and prospects.Alcoholism 5: 264–266.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, A. E. (1960). Diagnosis of intermediate stage of alcohol brain disease.JAMA 172: 1143–1146.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, E. L., Rosenzweig, M. R., and Diamond, M. C. (1969). Rat brain: Effects of environmental enrichment on wet and dry weights.Science 163: 82–86.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benton, A. L., Hamsher, K. deS., Varney, N. R., and Spreen, O. (1983).Contributions to Neuropsychological Assessment. Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berglund, M., Leijonquist, H., and Horlen, M. (1977). Prognostic significance and reversibility of cerebral dysfunction in alcoholics.J. Studies Alcohol 38: 1761–1769.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blass, J. P., and Gibson, G. E. (1977). Abnormality of a thiamine-requiring enzyme in patients with Wernicke-Korsakoff's syndrome.N. Engl. J. Med. 297: 1367–1370.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brandt, J., Butters, N., Ryan, C., and Bayog, R. (1983). Cognitive loss and recovery in chronic alcohol abusers.Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 40: 435–442.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Butters, N. (1985). Alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome: Some unresolved issues concerning etiology, neuropathology, and cognitive deficits.J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 7: 181–210.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Butters, N., and Cermak, L. (1980).Alcoholic Korsakoff's Syndrome; An Information Processing Approach to Amnesia. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlen, P. L. (1982). Reversible effects of chronic alcoholism on the central nervous system: Possible biological mechanisms. In A. Wilkinson (Eds.),Cerebral Deficits in Alcoholism. Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlen, P. L., Wortzman, T., Holgate, R. C., Wilkinson, D. A., and Rankin, J. G. (1978). Reversible cerebral atrophy in recently abstinent chronic alcoholics measured by computed tomography scans.Science 200: 1076–1078.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cermak, L. S., and Ryback, R. S. (1976). Recovery of verbal short-term memory in alcoholics.J. Studies Alcohol 37: 46–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Claiborne, J. M., and Greene, R. I. (1981). Neuropsychological changes in recovering men alcoholics.J. Studies Alcohol 42: 757–765.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, J., & Haughton, H. (1975). A study of intellectual impairment and recovery rates in heavy drinkers in Ireland.Br. J. Psychiat. 12: 178–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coorville, C. B. (1966).Effects of Alcohol on the Nervous System of Man. San Lucas Press, Los Angeles.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cotman, C. W., and Nieto-Sampedro, M. (1982). Brain function synapse renewal and plasticity. In M. R. Rosenzweig and L. W. Porter (Eds.),Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 33. Annual Reviews, Palo Alto, California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Craik, F. I. M., and McDowd, J. M. (1987). Age differences in recall and recognition.J. Exp. Psychol. 13: 474–479.

    Google Scholar 

  • Craik, F. I. M., and Rabinowitz, J. C. (1984). Age differences in the acquisition and use of verbal information: A tutorial review. In H. Bouma and D. G. Bouwhuis (Eds.),Attention and Performance. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denny-Brown, D., and Fischer, E. D. (1976). Physiological aspects of visual perceptions: II. The subcortical visual direction of behavior.Arch. Neurol. 33: 228–242.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, M. C., Law, F., Rhodes, H., Linder, B., Rosenzweig, M. R., Krech, D., and Bennett, E. L. (1966). Increases in cortical depth and glia numbers in rats subjected to enriched environment.J. Comp. Neurol. 128: 117–125.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dickey, J. H., and Goldman, M. S. (1982).Probability learning indices of alcohol-related neuropsychological dysfunction and recovery. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.

  • Diller, L., and Gordon, W. A., (1980). Rehabilitation and clinical neuropsychology. In S. Filskov and T. J. Boll (Eds.),Handbook of Clinical Neuropsychology. Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diller, L., and Gordon, W. A. (1981). Interventions for cognitive deficits in brain-injured adults.J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 49: 822–834.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Donovan, D. M., Kivlahan, D. R., and Walker, R. D. (1984). Clinical limitations of neuropsychological testing in predicting treatment outcome among alcoholics.Alcoholism 8: 470–475.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Donovan, D. M., Kivlahan, D. R., Walker, R. D., and Umlauf, R. (1985). Derivation and validation of neuropsychological clusters among men alcoholics.J. Studies Alcohol 46: 205–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dru, D., Walker, J. P., and Walker, J. B. (1975). Self-produced locomotion restores visual capacity after striate lesion.Science 187: 265–266.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eckardt, M. J., Parker, E. S., Noble, E. P., Pautler, J. P., and Gottschalk, L. A. (1979). Changes in neuropsychological performance during treatment for alcoholism.Biol. Psychiat. 14: 943–954.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellenberg, L., and Sperry, R. W. (1980). Lateralized division of attention in the commisurotomized and intact brain.Neuropsychologia 18: 411–418.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellenberg, L., Rosenbaum, G., Goldman, M. S., and Whitman, R. D. (1980). Recoverability of psychological functioning following alcohol abuse: Lateralization effects.J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 48: 503–510.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fabian, M. S., and Parsons, O. A. (1983). Differential improvement of cognitive functions in recovering alcoholic women.J. Abnorm. Psychol. 92: 87–95.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farmer, R. H. (1973). Functional changes during early weeks of abstinence, measured by the Bender-Gestalt.Quart. J. Studies Alcohol 34: 786–795.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finger, S. (1978). Environmental attenuation of bran-lesion symptoms. In S. Finger (Ed.),Recovery from Brain Damage, Research and Theory. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finger, S. A., and Stein, D. G. (1982).Brain Damage and Recovery. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finney, J. W., and Moos, R. H. (1986). Matching patients with treatments: Conceptual and methodological issues.J. Studies Alcohol 47: 122–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forsberg, L. K., and Goldman, M. S. (1985). Experience-dependent recovery of visuospatial functioning in older alcoholic persons.J. Abnorm. Psychol. 4: 519–529.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forsberg, L. K., Goldman, M. S., and William, D. L. (1985).Remediation of alcohol-induced neuropychological deficits: Experience-dependent recovery of visuospatial functioning. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association Convention, Los Angeles, California.

  • Goldman, M. S. (1983). Cognitive impairment in chronic alcoholics: Some cause for optimism.Am. Psychol. 10: 1045–1054.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, M. S. (1986). Neuropsychological recovery in alcoholics: Endogenous and exogenous processes.Alcoholism 10: 136–144.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, M. S., and Goldman, R. S. (1984).Remediation of problem-solving deficits in an alcoholic population. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association Convention, Toronto.

  • Goldman, M. S., and Goldman, R. S. (1986).Remediation of visuo-spatial and information processing abilities in chronic alcoholics. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association Convention, Washington, DC.

  • Goldman, M. S., and Rosenbaum, T. (1977). Psychological recoverability following chronic alcohol abuse. In F. A. Seixas (Ed.),Currents in Alcoholism, Vol. 2. Grune & Stratton, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, M. S., Klisz, D. K., and Williams, D. L. (1985). Experience dependent recovery of cognitive functioning in young alcoholics.Addict. Behav. 10: 169–176.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, M. S., Williams, D. L., and Klisz, D. K. (1983). Recoverability of psychological functioning following alcohol abuse: Prolonged visual-spatial dysfunction in older alcoholics.J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 51: 370–378.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, M. S., Whitman, R. D., Rosenbaum, G., and VandeVusse, D. (1978). Recoverability of motor and sensory function following chronic alcohol abuse. In F. A. Seixas (Ed.),Currents in alcoholism (Vol. 3). Grune & Stratton, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, G. (1983).Pharmacology of Alcohol. Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, G., and Shelly, C. H. (1971). Field dependence and cognitive intellectual and motor skills in alcoholics: A factor analytic study.Quart. J. Studies Alcohol 32: 39–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, G., and Shelly, C. (1982). A multivariate neuropsychological approach to brain lesion localization in alcoholism. Addict. Behav. 7: 165–175.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, I., Reed, R., and Adams, K. M. (1980). Natural history of alcohol and drug-related brain disorder: Implications for neuropsychological research.J. Clin. Neuropsychol. 2: 321–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenough, W. T., Snow, F. M., and Fiala, B. A. (1976). Environmental complexity versus isolation: A sensitive period for effects on cortical and subcortical dendritic branching in rats?Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 2: 82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregson, R. A. M., and Taylor, G. M. (1977). Prediction of relapse in men alcoholics.J. Studies Alcohol. 38: 1749–1759.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross, M. M., Lewis, E., and Hastle, I. (1974). Acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome. In B. Kissin and H. Begleiter (Eds.),The Biology of Alcoholism: Vol. 3. Clinical Pathology. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gummow, L., Miller, P., and Dustman, R. E. (1983). Attention and brain injury: A case for cognitive rehabilitation of attentional deficits.Clin. Psychol. Rev. 3: 25–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guthrie, A., and Elliot, W. A. (1980). The nature and reversibility of cerebral impairment in alcoholism: Treatment implications.J. Studies Alcohol 41: 147–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harper, R. G., Wiens, A. N., and Matarazzo, J. D. (1978).Nonverbal Communication: The State of the Art. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heaton, R. K., and Pendelton, M. G. (1981). Use of neuropsychological tests to predict adult patients everyday functioning.J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 49: 807–821.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • James, W. (1890/1950).The Principles of Psychology. Dover, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, B. M., and Parsons, O. A. (1971). Impaired abstracting ability in chronic alcoholics.Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 24: 71–75.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kahneman, D. (1973).Attention and Effort. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. M., Parker, E. S., Clark, C. M., Martin, P. R., George, D. T., Weingartner, H., Solokoff, L., Ebert, M. H., and Mishkin, M. (1984). Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome.Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 10: 541.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kish, G. B., Hagen, J. M., Woody, M. M., and Harvey, H. M. (1980). Alcoholics' recovery from cerebral impairment as a function of duration of abstinence.J. Clin. Psychol. 36: 548–589.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klisz, D. K., and Parsons, O. A. (1977). Hypothesis testing in younger and older alcoholics.J. Studies Alcohol 38: 1718–1729.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lachman, R., Lachman, J. L., and Butterfield, G. C. (1979).Cognitive Psychology and Information Processing. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leber, W. R., Parson, O. A., and Nichols, N. (1985). Neuropsychological test results as related to ratings of men alcoholics' therapeutic progress: A replicated study.J. Studies Alcohol 46: 116–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lezak, M. (1983).Neuropsychological Assessment. Oxford Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Long, J. A., and McLachlan, J. F. C. (1974). Abstract reasoning and perceptual-motor efficiency in alcoholics.Quart. J. Alcohol. 35: 1220–1229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luria, A. R. (1966).Higher Cortical Functions in Man. Basic Books, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marlatt, G. A., and Gordon, J. R. (Eds.). (1985).Relapse Prevention: Maintenance Strategies in the Treatment of Addictive Behaviors. Guilford Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, J. F. (1984). Brain function: Neural adaptations and recovery from injury. In M. R. Rosenzweig and L. W. Porter (Eds.),Annual Review of Psychology Vol. 35. Annual Reviews, Palo Alto, California.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCrady, B. S., and Smith, D. E. (1986). Implications of cognitive impairment for the treatment of alcoholism.Alcoholism 10: 145–149.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, B. S., and Hester, R. K. (1986). Inpatient alcoholism treatment: Who benefits?Am. Psycholog. 41: 794–805.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, W. R., and Saucedo, C. (1983). Assessment of neuropsychological impairment and brain damage in problem drinkers. In C. Golden, J. A. Moses, J. A. Coffman, J. A. Miller, and F. O. Strider (Eds.),Clinical Neuropsychology: Interface Between Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders. Grune & Stratton, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moos, R. H., and Finney, J. W. (1983). The expanding scope of alcoholism treatment evaluation.Am. Psycholog. 38: 1036–1044.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neisser, U. (1976).Cognition and Reality. Freeman, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noble, E. P., and Tewari, S. (1973). Protein and ribonucleic acid metabolism in brains of mice following chronic alcohol consumption. In F. A. Seixas and S. Eggleston (Eds.),Alcoholism and the Central Nervous System. New York Academy of Sciences, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Leary, M. R., Donovan, D. M., Chaney, E. F., and Walker, R. D. (1979). Cognitive impairment and treatment outcome with alcoholics: Preliminary findings.J. Clin. Psychiat. 40: 397–398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, R. D., and Linden, J. D. (1974). Reversible organic brain syndrome in alcoholics.Quart. J. Studies Alcohol 35: 98–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, R. D., and Schaub, L. H. (1974). Intellectual functioning in alcoholics during six months' abstinence.J. Studies Alcohol 18: 1240–1246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, O. A. (1983). Neuropsychological deficits in chronic alcoholics: Facts and fancies.Alcoholism 1: 51–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, O. A., and Farr, S. P. (1981). The neuropsychology of alcohol and drug use. In S. Filskov and T. J. Boll (Eds.),Handbook of Clinical Neuropsychology. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porjesz, B., and Begleiter, H. (1981). Human evoked brain potentials and alcohol.Alcoholism 5: 304–317.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Posner, M. I. (1975). Psychology of attention. In M. S. Gazzaniga and C. Blakemore (Eds.),Handbook of Psychobiology. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Posner, M. I. (1980). Orienting of attention.Quart. J. Exp. Psychol. 32: 3–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Posner, M. I. (1984). Selective attention and the storage of information. In G. Lynch, J. L. McGaugh, and N. M. Weinberger (Eds.),Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. Guilford Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Posner, M. I., and Mitchell, E. (1967). A chronometric analysis of classification.Psychol. Rev. 74: 392–409.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ron, M. A. (1983). The alcoholic brain: CT scan and psychological findings.Psychol. Med. 3: (Monograph Supplement), 33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, A., Neuringer, C., and Goldstein, G. (1970).Assessment of Brain Disease: A Neuropsychological Key Approach. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, C., and Butters, N. (1983). Cognitive deficits in alcoholics. In B. Kissin and H. Begleiter (Eds.),The Pathogenesis of Alcoholism: Vol. 7. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryback, R. (1971). The continuum and specifity of the effects of alcohol on memory.Quart. J. Studies Alcohol 32: 995–1016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schau, E. J., O'Leary, M. R., and Chaney, E. F. (1980). Reversibility of cognitive deficits in alcoholics.J. Studies Alcohol 41: 733–740.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharp, J. R., Rosenbaum, G., Goldman, M. S., and Whitman, R. D. (1977). Recoverability of psychological functioning following alcohol abuse: Acquisition of meaningful symptoms.J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 45: 1023–1028.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shriffin, R. M., and Schneider, W. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention.Psychol. Rev. 84: 1023–1028.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark, R. (1961). An investigation of unilateral cerebral pathology with equated verbal and visualspatial tasks.J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol. 62: 282–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stringer, A. Y., and Goldman, M. S. (1980). Experience-dependent recovery of block design performance in male alcoholics: Strategy training versus unstructured practice.J. Studies Alcohol 47: 406–411.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stroop, J. R. (1935). Study of interference in serial verbal reactions.J. Exp. Psychol. 18: 643–622.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sussman, S., Rychtarik, R. G., Mueser, K., Glynn, A., and Prue, D. M. (1986). Ecological relevance of memory tests and the prediction of relapse on alcoholics.J. Studies Alcohol 47: 305–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarter, R. E., and Alterman, A. I. (1984). Neuropsychological deficits in alcoholics: Etiological considerations.J. Studies Alcohol. 45: 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarter, R. E., and Edwards, K. L. (1985). Neuropsychology of alcoholism. In R. Tarter and D. Van Thiel (Eds.),Alcohol and the Brain. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarter, R. E., and Edwards, K. L. (1986). Multifactorial etiology of neuropsychological impairment in alcoholics.Alcoholism 10: 128–155.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tarter, R. E., and Jones, B. M. (1971). Motor impairment in chronic alcoholics.Dis. Nervous System 32: 632–636.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarter, R. E., and Parsons, O. A. (1971). Conceptual shifting in chronic alcoholics.J. Abnorm. Psychol. 77: 71–75.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tarter, R. E., and Ryan, C. M. (1983). Neuropsychology of alcoholism: Etiology, phenomenology, process, and outcome. In M. Galanter (Eds.),Recent Developments in Alcoholism: Vol. 1. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarter, R. E., Alterman, A. I., and Edwards, K. L. (1984). Adolescent sons of alcoholics: Neuropsychological and personality characteristics.Alcoholism 8: 216–222.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, W. R., and Grusec, J. E. (1970). Studies of early experience. In P. H. Mussen (Ed.),Carmichael's Manual of Child Psychology (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, K., Sanchez-Craig, M., and Bornet, A. (1982). Teaching coping skills in chronic alcoholics in a coeducational halfway house: II. Assessment of outcome and identification of outcome predictors.Br. J. Addict. 77: 185–196.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, R. D., Donovan, D. M., Kivalhan, D. R., and O'Leary, M. R. (1983). Length of stay, neuropsychological performance, and aftercare: Influences on alcohol treatment outcome.J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 51: 900–911.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, K. W. (1978).Neuropsychology: A Clinical Approach. Churchill Livingstone, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, R. T., Heilman, K. M., Miller, R. D., and King, F. A. (1974). Neglect after mesencephalic reticular formation lesions.Neurology 24: 294–298.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weingartner, H., Faillace, L. A., and Markley, H. G. (1971). Verbal information retention in alcoholics.Quart. J. Studies Alcohol 32: 293–303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiskrantz, L. (1980). Varieties of residual visual experience.Quart. J. Exp. Psychol. 32: 365–386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, D. A., and Sanchez-Craig, M. (1981). Relevance of brain dysfunction to treatment objectives: Should alcohol-related cognitive deficits influence the way we think about treatment?Addict. Behav. 6: 253–260.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, H. L., and Rundell, O. A., Jr. (1981). Altered sleep physiology in chronic alcoholics: Reversal with abstinence.Alcoholism 5: 318–325.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Alcohol Research Center, University of South Florida, 33620-8200, Tampa, Florida

    Mark S. Goldman

Authors
  1. Mark S. Goldman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Goldman, M.S. Experience-dependent neuropsychological recovery and the treatment of chronic alcoholism. Neuropsychol Rev 1, 75–101 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01108859

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01108859

Key words

Search

Navigation