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Congenital ossicular anomalies without malformations of the external ear

Kongenitale Gehörknöchelchenmißbildung ohne Deformierung des äußeren Ohres

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Zusammenfassung

Es wird über 18 Ohren mit kongenitaler Gehörknöchelchenmißbildung ohne Deformierung des äußeren Ohres berichtet. Sie werden in drei Gruppen eingeteilt: 8 fehlende Incudostapedialverbindungen, 3 Malleus- oder Inkusfixationen und 7 Stapesfixationen.

Für die Korrektur der ersten Gruppe wurde in der Regel ein Siliconröhrchen oder eine Drahtgelfoamprothese für eine Verbindung des Steigbügels mit dem Hammergriff verwendet. In dieser Gruppe konnte ein durchschnittlicher Hörgewinn von 35,4 dB in den Sprachfrequenzen erreicht werden. In der zweiten Gruppe brachte die Entfernung des fixierten Gehörknöchelchens in der Regel befriedigende Resultate, wogegen durch die reine Mobilisation kein Hörgewinn erzielt werden konnte. Bei der Gruppe mit Stapesfixation wurde in der Regel eine Stapedektomie mit Drahtgelfoamprothese durchgeführt. Die Resultate waren in einigen Fällen mit unterentwickelten ovalen Fenstern nicht befriedigend.

Die genannten Mißbildungen werden nach embryologischen Gesichtspunkten analysiert.

Summary

Eighteen ears of congenital ossicular malformation without deformities of the external ear were presented. They were classified into three groups; eight incudostapedial joint separations, three malleus and/or incus fixations, and seven stapes fixations.

The surgical correction for the first group was to connect the malleus handle to the stapes using a silicon tube specially designed or a gelfoam wire in the uncustomary way. This group showed the best surgical results with 35.4 dB of the average hearing gain in speech frequencies. In the second group, removal of the fixed part of the ossicles yielded satisfactory results, but mobilization failed to improve the hearing. For the group of stapes fixation, stapedectomy and the gelfoam wire prosthesis were performed. The result was not satisfactory in some cases with the undeveloped oval window.

The embryological consideration leads us to the following conjecture; the incudostapedial joint separation results from the failure in build-up of “the secondary continuity”, the malleus and/or incus fixation is the result of disturbances in separation process by the undifferentiated mesenchyme, and the stapes fixation is due to maldevelopment of the stapedial lamina. This classification for the congenital ossicular malformation is practically valid as it would suggest the maldeveloped point in ossicular genesis and results of surgical correction.

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Funasaka, S. Congenital ossicular anomalies without malformations of the external ear. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 224, 231–240 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01108781

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01108781

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