Abstract
The sources of spatial and temporal variation and rates of nutrient deposition via throughfall were studied for 9 months in the Anavilhanas archipelago of the Negro River, Brazil. A total of 30 events was sampled individually for rain and throughfall chemistry in a 1-ha plot of flooded forest. Throughfall samples were collected in 40 collectors distributed in five parallel transects in the study plot, while rain was collected in 4 collectors in an adjacent channel. Volume-weighted mean (VWM) concentrations of solutes in rain were consistently lower than in throughfall, except for H+, NO −3 and NH +4 . Ratios of VWM concentrations of rain to throughfall indicated that K+, followed by Mg2+ and PO 3−4 , were the most enhanced solutes as rain passed through the forest canopy. The deposition of solutes varied significantly among transects, except for Na+ and Ca2+, and was significantly correlated with maximum flooding depth, foliar nutrient content, soil fertility and canopy closure for most solutes. The concentrations of PO 3−4 and most major ions were higher in throughfall compared to those in rain due to canopy exchange and dry deposition. In contrast, NO −3 , NH +4 and H+ were retained due to immobilization by leafy canopy and ion exchange processes. Solute inputs via throughfall (not including stemflow) to a floodplain lake (Lake Prato) of the archipelago accounted for 30 to 64% of the total for most solutes in the lake at high water, which indicates that throughfall is an important source of nutrients to the aquatic ecosystem of the Anavilhanas archipelago.
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Filoso, S., Williams, M.R. & Melack, J.M. Composition and deposition of throughfall in a flooded forest archipelago (Negro River, Brazil). Biogeochemistry 45, 169–195 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01106780
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01106780