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Hydrolysis of rice straw to fermentable sugars byTrichoderma enzymes

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Summary

ATrichoderma sp. (IMB-Tr) isolated from rice straw possessed cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity, comparable to those produced byTrichoderma reesei QM 9414 (a proven cellulolytic fungus). IMB-Tr produced 2.9 and 1.9 times, respectively, greater β-glucosidase activity compared toT. reesei when grown on microcrystalline cellulose and rice straw. Percentage enzymic hydrolysis increased with increase in the sodium hydroxide concentration used in the pretreatment of rice straw and with the increase of enzyme concentration used in the hydrolysis. The extracellular enzyme fraction ofT. reesei possessed greater hydrolytic power than that of IMB-Tr. However, when a combined enzyme preparation from the two organisms was used, an appreciable degree of synergism was observed; an increase in reducing sugars up to 39% was seen. The reducing sugar produced by enzymic hydrolysis was mainly glucose, xylose and cellobiose. Fermentation of a 4.8% (w/v) sugar hydrolysate (produced by the enzymic hydrolysis of rice straw) bySaccharomyces cerevisiae produced 10.7 g/l of ethanol compared to 18.8 g/l produced by the fermentation of 4.8% (w/v) pure glucose.

Résumé

Une souche deTrichoderma sp. (IMB-Tr), isolée à partir de paille de riz, a une activité cellulolytique et xylanolytique comparable à celle deTrichoderma reesei QM 9414 (champignon cellulolytique reconnu). L'activité β-glucosidase d'IMB-Tr cultivé sur cellulose micro-cristalline ou sur paille de riz est, respectivement, 2.9 et 1.9 fois plus élevée que celle deT. reesei. Le pourcentage d'hydrolyse enzymatique croit avec la concentration de la soude employée pour le pré-traitement de la paille et avec la concentration d'enzyme utilisée pour l'hydrolyse. La fraction exocellulaire de l'enzyme a une activité hydrolysante plus élevée dans le cas deT. reesei que dans celui de IMB-Tr. Cependant, si on emploie un mélange des activités enzymatiques des deux organismes, on constate une nette synergie et un accroissement des sucres réducteurs allant jusqu'à 39%. Les sucres réducteurs obtenus par hydrolyse enzymatique comprennent principalement du glucose, du xylose et du cellobiose. La fermentation parSaccharomyces cerevisiae d'un hydrolysat enzymatique de paille de riz contenant 4.8% (poids/vol.) de sucres fournit 10.7 g/l d'éthanol, au lieu de 18.8 g/l obtenus par fermentation de glucose pur à la même concentration.

Resumen

Se ha aíslado a partir de paja de arroz una cepa deTrichoderma sp. (IMB-Tr) que posee actividades celulolíticas y xilanolíticas comparables a las deTrichoderma reesei QM 9414 (un hongo probadamnete celulolítico). IMB-Tr produjo 2.9 y 1.9 veces más actividad β-glucosidásica queT. reesei cuando ambos se hicieron crecer en celulosa microcristalina y en paja de arroz respectivamente. El porcentaje de hidrolisis enzimática se incrementó con el aumento en la concentración del hidróxido sódico empleado en el pretratamiento de la paja de arroz y con el aumento de la concentración enzimática utilizada en la hidrolisis. La fracción extracelular enzimática deT. reesei poseía un mayor poder hidrolítico que la de IMB-Tr, sin embargo cuando se usó un preparado enzimático combinado de ambos microorganismos se obtuvo un apreciable efecto sinérgico, observándose un incremento de hasta un 39% de los azucares reductores producidos. Estos azucares fueron principalmente glucosa, xilosa y celobiosa. La fermentación de un 4.8% (p/v) del hidrolisado azucarado (producido por la hidrolisis enzimática de la paja de arroz) porSaccharomyces cerevisiae produjo 10.7 g/l de etanol comparado a 18.8 g/l obtenidos de la fermentación de 4.8% (p/v) de glucosa pura.

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Peiris, P.S., Silva, I. Hydrolysis of rice straw to fermentable sugars byTrichoderma enzymes. Mircen Journal 3, 57–65 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01090495

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