Abstract
At present the performance of short-pulse rare-gas-halide excimer-laser systems is definitely below that of solid-state systems, as far as the maximum peak-power is concerned. However, short-pulse excimer lasers are expected to be the best candidates to produce the highest focused intensities (I≳ 1020 W/cm2) provided by the shorter wavelength and less optical distortion in the gaseous active medium. This is especially feasible if the present performance of short-wavelength focusing optics is improved, and the problem of the limited extraction efficiency of excimers is solved. In this paper the results of former developments, novel methods, such as spatially-evolving chirped-pulse amplification, off-axis amplification, interferometric multiplexing, and some considerations for the achievable maximum brightness of table-top excimer systems are presented.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
D. Strickland, G. Mourou: Opt. Commun.56, 219 (1985)
P. Maine D. Strickland, P. Bado, M. Pessot, G. Mourou: IEEE J. QE-24, 398 (1988)
C. Sauteret, D. Husson, G. Thiell, S. Seznec, S. Gary, A. Migus, G. Mourou: Opt. Lett.16, 238 (1991)
K. Yamakawa, H. Shiraga, Y. Kato, C.P.J. Barty: Opt. Lett.16, 1593 (1991)
S. Seznec, C. Sauteret, S. Gary, E. Béchir, J.L. Bocher, A. Migus: Opt. Commun.87, 331 (1992
J.M. Glownia, J. Misewich, P.P. Sorokin: J. Opt. Soc. Am. B3, 1573 (1986)
A.P. Schwarzenbach, T.S. Luk, I.A. McIntyre, U. Johann, A. McPherson, K. Boyer, C.K. Rhodes: Opt. Lett.11, 499 (1986)
S. Szatmári, F.P. Schäfer, E. Müller-Horsche, W. Mückenheim: Opt. Commun.63, 305 (1987)
J.P. Roberts, A.J. Taylor, P.H.Y. Lee, R.B. Gibson: Opt. Lett.13, 734 (1988)
S. Watanabe, A. Endoh, M. Watanabe, N. Sarukara: Opt. Lett.13, 580 (1988)
A. Endoh, M. Watanabe, N. Sarukara, S. Watanabe: Opt. Lett.14, 353 (1989)
J.R.M. Barr, N.J. Everall, C.J. Hooker, I.N. Ross, M.J. Shaw, W.T. Toner: Opt. Commun.66, 127 (1988)
S. Szatmári, F.P. Schäfer: Opt. Commun.68, 196 (1988)
S. Szatmári, G. Kühnle, J. Jasny, F.P. Schäfer: Appl. Phys. B49, 239 (1989)
M. Mizoguchi, K. Kondo, S. Watanabe: J. Opt. Soc. Am. B9, 560 (1992)
K. Mossavi, T. Hoffmann, F.K. Tittel, G. Szabó: Appl. Phys. Lett.62, 1203 (1993)
A.J. Taylor, C.R. Tallman, J.P. Roberts, C.S. Lester, T.R. Gosnell, P.H.Y. Lee, G.A. Kyrala: Opt. Lett.15, 39 (1990)
T.S. Luk, A. McPherson, G. Gibson, K. Boyer, C.K. Rhodes: Opt. Lett.14, 1113 (1989)
B. Bouma, T.S. Luk, K. Boyer, C.K. Rhodes: J. Opt. Soc. Am. B10, 1180 (1993)
I.N. Ross, M.J. Shaw, C.J. Hooker, M.H. Key, E.C. Harvey, J.M.D. Lister, J.E. Andrew, G.J. Hirst, P.A. Rodgers: Opt. Commun.78, 263 (1990)
M.J. Shaw, G. Bialolenker, G.J. Hirst, C.J. Hooker, M.H. Key, A.K. Kidd, J.M.D. Lister, K.E. Hill, G.H.C. New, D.C. Wilson: Opt. Lett.18, 1320 (1993)
G. Almási, S. Szatmári, P. Simon: Opt. Commun.88, 231 (1992)
I.A. McIntyre, C.K. Rhodes: J. Appl. Phys.69, R1 (1991)
S. Szatmári: InDye Lasers 25 Years, ed. by M. Stuke, Topics Appl. Phys., Vol. 70 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1992) p. 129
C.K. Rhodes (ed.):Excimer Lasers, Topics Appl. Phys., Vol. 30 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1979)
H.F. Döbele, M. Hörl, M. Röwekamp: Appl. Phys. B42, 67 (1987)
Th. Hofmann, T.E. Sharp, C.B. Dane, P.J. Wisoff, W.L. Wilson, Jr., F.K. Tittel, G. Szabó: IEEE J. QE-28, 1366 (1992)
C. Momma, H. Eichmann, A. Tünnermann, P. Simon, G. Marowsky, B. Wellegehausen: Opt. Lett.18, 1180 (1993)
J. Banic, T. Efthimopoulos, B.P. Stoicheff: Appl. Phys. Lett.37, 686 (1980)
P.H. Bucksbaum, J. Bokor, R.H. Storz, J.C. White: Opt. Lett.7, 399 (1982)
S. Szatmári, F.P. Schäfer: Appl. Phys. B33, 219 (1984)
A.J. Taylor, R.B. Gibson, J.P. Roberts: Appl. Phys. Lett.52, 773 (1988)
P.W. Milloni, R.B. Gibson, A.J. Taylor: J. Opt. Soc. Am. B5, 1360 (1988)
P.B. Corkum, R.S. Taylor: IEEE J. QE-18, 1962 (1982)
J.H. Glownia, G. Arjavalingham, P.P. Sorokin, J.E. Rothenberg: Opt. Lett.11, 79 (1986)
A.J. Taylor, T.R. Gosnell, J.P. Roberts: Opt. Lett.15, 118 (1990)
S. Szatmári, F.P. Schäfer: J. Opt. Soc. Am. B4, 1943 (1987)
I.V. Tomov, R. Fedosejevs, M.C. Richardson, W.J. Sarjeant, A.J. Alcock, K.E. Leopold: Appl. Phys. Lett.31, 747 (1977)
Q. Zhao, S. Szatmári, F.P. Schäfer: Appl. Phys. B47, 325 (1988)
C. Momma, H. Eichmann, H. Jacobs, A. Tönnermann, H. Welling, B. Wellegehausen: Opt. Lett.18, 516 (1993)
K. Mossavi, Th. Hofmann, F.K. Tittel, G. Szabó: Opt. Lett.18, 435 (1993)
M.D. Perry, F.G. Patterson, J. Weston: Opt. Lett.15, 381 (1990)
M.J. Shaw, M.H. Key, I. Ross: Reference Papers European High Performance Laser Facility (1990) pp. 253
S. Szatmári, G. Kühnle: InTechnical Proposal for the ELF 100J/100fs KrF-Laser System SIMBA, ed. by S. Szatmári, G. Kühnle, A. Endoh, F.P. Schäfer, J. Jasny, Y.W. Lee, J. Jethwa, U. Teubner, G. Kovács (1990) p. 14
G. Köhnle, U. Teubner, S. Szatmári: Appl. Phys. B52, 71 (1990)
M.M. Murnane, H.C. Kapteyn, R.W. Falcone: Phys. Rev. Lett.62, 155 (1988)
C.H. Nam, W. Tighe, E. Valco, S. Suckewer: Appl. Phys. B50, 275 (1990)
U. Teubner, G. Köhnle, F.P. Schäfer: Appl. Phys. B54, 493 (1992)
Th. Hoffmann, K. Mossavi, F.K. Tittel, G. Szabó: Opt. Lett.17, 1691 (1992)
S. Szatmári, F.P. Schäfer:Excimer Lasers and Applications, SPIE Proc.1023, 71 (1989
C.G. Christov, I.V. Tomov, I.V. Chaltakov, V.L. Lyutskanov: Opt. Commun.52, 211 (1984
S. Szatmári, B. Rácz: Opt. Quant. Electron.19, 20 (1987)
S. Szatmári: Opt. Quant. Electron.21, 55 (1989)
R. Wyatt: Appl. Phys.21, 353 (1980)
L.M. Frantz, J.S. Nodvik: J. Appl. Phys.34, 2346 (1963)
G. Vavra, S. Szatmári: Opt. Quant. Electron.25, 733 (1993)
H. Kogelnik, C.V. Shank: Appl. Phys. Lett.18, 152 (1971)
Zs. Bor: IEEE J. QE-16, 517 (1980)
Zs. Bor, A. Müller, B. Rácz, F.P. Schäfer: Appl. Phys. B27, 9 (1982)
Zs. Bor, A. Müller, B. Rácz, F.P. Schäfer: Appl. Phys. B27, 77 (1982)
S. Szatmári, F.P. Schäfer: Appl. Phys. B46, 305 (1988)
S. Szatmári, B. Rácz, F.P. Schäfer: Opt. Commun.62, 271 (1987)
Q. Zhao, F.P. Schôfer, S. Szatmári: Appl. Phys. B46, 1339 (1988)
S. Szatmári, F.P. Schäfer: J. Opt. Soc. Am. B6, 1877 (1989)
S. Szatmári, F.P. Schäfer:Applications of Ultrashort Laser Pulses in Science and Technology, SPIE Proc.1268, 22 (1990)
S. Szatmári, F.P. Schäfer: Chem. Phys. Lett.137, 1 (1987)
F. Kannari, M. Obara: Appl. Phys. Lett.54, 1610 (1989)
B. Liu, R. Yen, N. Bloembergen: Appl. Opt.18, 1015 (1979)
A.J. Taylor, R.B. Gibson, J.P. Roberts: Opt. Lett.13, 814 (1988)
P. Simon, H. Gerhardt, S. Szatmári: Opt. Lett.14, 1207 (1989)
Y.P. Kim, M.H.R. Hutchinson: Appl. Phys. B49, 469 (1989)
P. Tomie, I. Okuda, M. Yano: Appl. Phys. Lett.55, 325 (1989)
K. Hata, M. Watanabe, S. Watanabe: Appl. Phys. B50, 55 (1990)
M. Gower, M.H. Key: Reference Papers European High Performance Laser Facility (1990) p. 235
S. Szatmári, G. Kühnle: InTechnical Proposal for the ELF 100J/100 fs KrF-Laser System SIMBA, ed. by S. Szatmári, G. Kühnle. A. Endoh, F.P. Schäfer, J. Jasny, Y.W. Lee, J. Jethwa, U. Teubner, G. Kovács (1990) p. 9
T.R. Gosnell, D.C. MacPherson, A.J. Taylor: Opt. Lett.16, 1686 (1991)
J.R. Houliston, I.N. Ross, M.H. Key, S. Szatmári, P. Simon, W. Shaikh: Ultrafast Phenomena 1992, Antibes, Postdeadline paper THC 23
S. Szatmári, G. Kühnle, P. Simon: Appl. Opt.29, 5371 (1990)
S. Szatmári, P. Simon, H. Gerhardt: Opt. Commun.79, 64 (1990)
I.P. Christov: Opt. Lett.17, 742 (1992)
S. Dinev, G.G. Paulus, W. Nicklich, H. Walther: Opt. Lett.17, 1298 (1992)
I.N. Ross: Private communications
S. Szatmári, P. Simon: Unpublished
H. Nishioka, H. Kuranishi, K. Ueda, H. Takuma: Opt. Lett.14, 692 (1989)
R.C. Sze, T.R. Loree: IEEE J. QE-14, 944 (1978)
A.E. Greene, C.A. Brau: IEEE J. QE-14, 951 (1978)
M.M. Tillemann, J.H. Jacob: Appl. Phys. Lett.50, 121 (1987)
M.C. Gower, C.B. Edwards: Opt. Commun.40, 369 (1982)
H. Jara, K. Boyer, U. Johann, T.S. Luk, I.A. McIntyre, A. McPherson, C.K. Rhodes: Appl. Phys. B42, 11 (1987)
S. Szatmári, G. Almási, P. Simon: Appl. Phys. B53, 82 (1991)
G. Almási, S. Szatmári: Opt. Quant. Electron, (submitted)
S. Watanabe, A. Endoh: Appl. Phys. Lett.41, 799 (1982)
H. Mizoguchi, A. Endoh, J. Jethwa, B. Rácz, F.P. Schäfer: Appl. Phys. B52, 195 (1991)
B. Rácz, M. Steyer, H. Mizoguchi: Opt. Quant. Electron.23, 65 (1991)
R. Nodomi, Y. Oeda, K. Sajiki, S. Nakajima, M. Watanabe, S. Watanabe: IEEE J. QE-27, 441 (1991)
G. Kovács, S. Szatmári: Meas. Sci. Technol. (in press)
S. Szatmári, G. Almási, G. Kovács: Unpublished
T.D. Raymond, C. Reiser, R.G. Adams: InPulsed Single-Frequency Lasers: Technology and Applications, SPIE Proc.912, 122 (1988)
L.A. Rosocha, J.A. Hanlon, J. McLeod, M. Kang, B.L. Kortegaard, M.D. Burrows, P.S. Bowling: Fusion Technol.11, 497 (1987)
C.J. Pawley, J. Bone, K.J. Kearney, S.P. Obenschain, M.S. Pronko, J.D. Sethian, T. Lehecka, A.V. Deniz: CLEO 1991, Technical Digest, p. 276, paper CWF 43
M. Watanabe, K. Hata, T. Adachi, R. Nodomi, S. Watanabe: Opt. Lett.15, 845 (1990)
J.E. Murray, D.C. Douns, J.T. Hunt, G.L. Hermes, W.E. Warren: Appl. Opt.20, 826 (1981)
S. Szatmári, P. Simon: Opt. Commun.98, 181 (1993)
S. Szatmári, G. Kühnle: Opt. Commun.69, 60 (1988)
Zs. Bor: Opt. lett.14, 119 (1989)
Zs. Bor: J. Mod. Opt.35, 1907 (1988)
J. Ihlemann, A. Helmbold, H. Staerk: Rev. Sci. Instrum.59, 2502 (1988
Zs. Bor, B. Rács: Appl. Opt.24, 3440 (1985)
S. Silvestri, P. Laporta, O. Svelto: IEEE J. QE-20, 533 (1984)
A. Federico, O. Martinez, Opt. Commun.91, 104 (1992)
Zs. Bor, Z.L. Horváth: Opt. Commun.94, 249 (1992)