Abstract
Pot experiments were conducted with an acid laterite soil and a shallow black calcareous soil to study the effect of initial application of North Carolina and Udaipur rock phosphates, acidulated with HCl or H2SO4 to the extent of 25, 50, 75 or 100% of the requirement for complete conversion into superphosphate, on the grain yield and P uptake by crops in rice—wheat and wheat—rice cropping sequences. The products obtained on acidulation with HCl or H2SO4 at a given degree behaved similarly. Rock phosphates partially acidulated with HCl or H2SO4 to 50–75% could be used successfully for growing rice or wheat on both the soil types. In the rice—wheat sequence, the wheat crop following rice gave very low grain yields compared to the wheat crop in the wheat—rice rotation, while in the wheat—rice rotation the rice crop following wheat gave yields comparable to that of rice in the rice—wheat rotation. The reasons for this differential effect have been made plausible. The studies indicate that a 50–75% H2SO4 - or HCl-acidulated rock phosphate may be used as a single application to an upland crop in an upland crop—rice rotation especially on acid soils, where the water soluble fractions of the product are used by the wheat crop. During the process of growth of the upland crop under aerobic soil conditions, the citrate soluble and insoluble fractions undergo such transformations that make it possible for the following rice crop to utilize them under waterlogged conditions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ashby DL, Fenster WE and Attoe OJ (1966) Effect of partial acidulation and elemental sulphur on availability of phosphorus in rock phosphate. Agron J 58, 621–625
Chatterjee SC and Dhar BK (1969) Various concentrations of sulphuric acid treated rock phosphates as a source of phosphorous to plants. Techn India 6, 102–105
Chatterjee SC, Guha A and Ghosh SK (1968) Characterization of phases formed in acidulated rock phosphate and their estimation by X-ray diffraction method. Techn India 5, 92–97
Chatterjee SC, Sircar AK and Ghosh AK (1970) A study on the acidulation of Indian rock phosphates in the preparation of single superphosphate. Techn India 7, 286–291
Espada WG (1968) Changes of inorganic fractions of phosphorus with equilibration time in flooded and moist soils and resulting phosphorus availability to Nato rice seedlings. Diss Abstr B 29(5), 1542–1543
Fiske C and Subbarow Y (1925) The colorimetric determination of phosphorus. J Biol Chem 66, 375–400
Hortenstine CC (1968) Partially acidulated rock phosphates as a source of phosphorus for oat and tomato plants in Lakeland and Leon sands. Proc Soil Crop Sci Soc Florida 27, 305–313
Jackson ML (1967) Soil chemical analysis (1st ed). New Delhi: Prentice Hall.
McLean EO and Balam BS (1967) Partially acidulated rock phosphate as a source of phosphorus to plants. III. Uptake by corn from soils of different calcium status. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 31, 811–814
McLean EO and Logan TS (1970) Source of phosphorus for plants grown in soils with differing phosphorus fixation tendencies. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 34, 907–911
McLean EO and Wheeler RW (1964) Partially acidulated rock phosphate as a source of phosphorus to plants. I. Growth chamber studies. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 28, 545–550
McLean EO, Wheeler RW and Watson JD (1965) Partially acidulated rock phosphate as a source of phosphorus to plants. II. Growth chamber and field corn studies. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 29, 625–628
Panda N and Misra UK (1970) Use of partially acidulated rock phosphates as a possible means of minimizing phosphate fixation in acid soils. Plant Soil 33, 225–234
Sarangamath PA, Shinde BN and Patnaik S (1977)32P tracer studies on the methods of increasing the efficiency of citrate soluble and insoluble phosphates for rice on acid soils. Soil Sci 124, 40–44
Shinde BN, Sarangamath PA and Patnaik S (1978) Phosphorus transformations from rock phosphates in acid soils and measures for increasing their efficiency for growing rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Soil 49, 449–459
Shinde BN, Sarangamath PA and Patnaik S (1978) Efficiency of HCl- and H2SO4 acidulated rock phosphates for rice (Oryza sativa L.) on acid soils. Plant Soil 50, 575–584
Terman GL, Allen SE and Engelstad OP (1970) Response by paddy rice to rates and sources of applied phosphorus. Agron J 62, 390–394
Terman GL, Moreno EC and Osborn G (1964) Acidulation of phosphate rock in soil. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 28, 104–107
Timmerman F (1972) Physico-chemical investigations on the evaluation of partially acidulated rock phosphates. Landw Forsch 25, 71–83
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dash, R.N., Mohanty, S.K. & Patnaik, S. Efficiency of HCl- and H2SO4-acidulated rock phosphates for a rice based cropping system. Fertilizer Research 2, 109–118 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01080097
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01080097