Abstract
A longitudinal model based on the simplex model is presented to analyze simultaneously means and covariance structure using univariate longitudinal twin data. The objective of the model is to decompose the mean trend into components which can be attributed to those genetic and environmental factors which give rise to phenotypic individual differences and a component of unknown constitution which does not involve individual differences. Illustrations are given using simulated data and repeatedly measured weight obtained in a sample of 82 female twin pairs on six occasions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akaike, H. (1987). Facator Analysis and AIC.Psycholmetrika 53 (3):317–332.
Boomsma, D. I., and Molenaar, P. C. M. (1987). The genetic analysis of repeated measures. I. Simplex models.Behav. Genet. 17:111–123.
Box, G. E. P., and Jenking, G. M. (1970).Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control, Holden-Day, San Francisco.
Dolan, C. V., Molenaar, P. C. M., and Boomsma, D. I. (1989). LISREL analysis of twin data with structured means.Behav. Genet. 19:51–62.
Dolan, C. V., Molenaar, P. C. M., and Boomsma, D. I. (1990). Decomposition of group-related differences in multivariate phenotypic means in genetic covariance structure analysis (submitted for publication).
Eaves, L. J., Long, J. and Heath, A. C. (1986). A theory of developmental change in quantitative phenotypes applied to cognitive development.Behav. Genet. 16:143–162.
Falconer, D. S. (1960).Introduction to Quantitative Genetics, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.
Fischbein, S. (1977). Intra-pair similarity in physical growth of monozygotic and dizygotic twins during puberty.Ann. Hum. Biol. 4:417–430.
Hanna, G., and Lei, H. (1985). A longitudinal analysis using the LISREL-model with structured means.J. Educ. Stat. 10:161–169.
IMSL Inc. (1979).IMSL Library Reference Manual, ed. 7, IMSL Inc., Houston, Tex.
Jöreskog, K. G. (1970). Estimation and testing of simplex models.Bri. J. Math. Stat. Psychol. 26:121–145.
Jöreskog, K. G. (1977). Structural equation models in the social sciences: Specification, estimation and testing. In Krishaiah, P. R. (ed.),Applications of Statistics, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Jöreskog, K. G., and Sörbom, D. (1984).LISREL VI: Analysis of Linear Structural Relations by the Method of Maximum Likelihood, National Education Resources. Chicago.
Martin, N. G., and Eaves, L. J. (1977). The genetical analysis of covariance structure.Heredity 38:79–95.
Mather, K., and Jinks, J. L. (1977).Introduction to Biometrical Genetics, Chapman and Hall, London.
McArdle, J. J. (1986). Latent variable growth within behavior genetic models.Behav. Genet. 16:163–201.
McCall, R. B. (1981). Nature-nurture and the two realms of development: A proposed integration with respect to mental development.Child Dev. 5:1–12.
Plomin, R. (1986).Development, Genetics, and Psychology, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, N. J.
Sörbom, D. (1974). A general method for studying differences in factor means and factor structure between groups.Br. J. Math. Stat. Psychol. 27:229–239.
Sörbom, D. (1976). A statistical model for the measurement of change in true scores. In de Gruyter, D. N. M., and van der Kamp, L. J. T. (eds.),Advances in Psychological and Educational Measurement, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Thomas, H. (1980). A theory of Growth. In Kluwe, R. H. and Spada, H. (eds.),Developmental Models of Thinking, Academic Press, New York.
Wohlwill, J. F. (1973).The Study of Behavioral Development, Academic Press, New York.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dolan, C.V., Molenaar, P.C.M. & Boomsma, D.I. Simultaneous genetic analysis of longitudinal means and covariance structure in the simplex model using twin data. Behav Genet 21, 49–65 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01067666
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01067666