Abstract
The biological activity of two classes of chlorinated monoterpenes formed during the bleaching of kraft pulpedPinus radiata was assessed. The chlorinated monoterpene alcohols were base labile with a 94% decrease in concentration being observed within 4 h at pH 12. The chlorinated monoterpene hydrocarbons exhibited a lesser degree of alkaline lability. Acute toxicity tests on the monoterpene alcohols gave EC50 concentrations of 60–200 mg/L, indicating that these compounds display relatively low toxicity. The monoterpene alcohols were also tested for mutagenicity and genotoxicity. Some of these compounds produced mutagenic and genotoxic responses. The chlorinated monoterpene alcohols were determined to have log Kow values of 1.24–1.52, indicating a low bioaccumulation potential. The monoterpene hydrocarbons had higher log Kow values (approximately 3.6) and might be expected to bioaccumulate. Treatment of the chlorination stage effluents in an aerated lagoon treatment system removed 80% of the chlorinated monoterpene alcohols but only a small fraction of the monoterpene hydrocarbons. On the basis of these results it is concluded that whilst the chlorinated monoterpene alcohols are unlikely to produce significant environmental impacts, the hydrocarbon compounds may persist and bioaccumulate in recipient ecosystems.
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Stuthridge, T.R. Biological activity of chlorinated monoterpenes formed during kraft pulp bleaching ofPinus radiata . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 24, 113–119 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01061098
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01061098