Abstract
A new class of polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) copolymers has been developed by incorporating into a polymer backbone the POSS disilanol macromer, (c-C6H11)8Si8O11(OH)2, along with a variety of inorganic comonomers. These new inorganic cluster-based copolymers were synthesized using a condensation polymerization approach, with formation of metal oxygen bonds and climination of HCl (as HNEt3 Cl) or CH4 driving the reaction. The polymers thus formed are isolated as amorphous powders but do not display any observable glass transition; they decompose without melting at over 400 C under nitrogen. Especially interesting is the formation of a zirconocene-bridged copolymer which is stable to both air and methanol.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. D. Pomogailo and V. S. Savost'yanov,Synthesis and Polymerization of Metal-Containing Monomers (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994); J. E. Mark, H. R. Alleock, and R. West,Inorganic Polymers (Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1992);Inorganic and Organometallic Oligomers and Polymers, J. F. Harrod and R. M. Laine, eds. (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1991);Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers, M. Zeldin, K. J. Wynne, and H. R. Allcock, eds. (American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 1988); E. W. Neuse and H. Rosenberg,Metallocene Polymers (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1970).
For example, by the end of 1994 there were over 170 patents applied for and granted to inventions related to the synthesis and use of silsesquioxane polymers. A sampling of patents are S.-I. Fukuyama. Y. Yoneda, M. Miyagawa, and K. Nishii, Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 163 583 A3 (1985) pattern-forming resist material: H. Sugiyama, K. Nate, T. Inoue, and A. Mizushima, U.S. Pat. 4.745.169 (1988) alkali soluble photoresist: B. G. Bagley. C. R. Kurkjian, and W. E. Quinn, U.S. Pat. 4.835.057 (1989) fiber optic coating: T. Morimoto and H. Yoshioka, U.S. Pat. 5,039,771 (1991) efficient preparative method; P. K. Pawar and F. J. Traver, Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 470 442 A2 (1991) a glass coating material; H. G. Linde and R. A. Previti-Kelly, U.S. Pat. 5.043.789 (1991) insulating material: I. Ono and H. Yoshioka, U.S. Pat 5,319,049 (1994) fungicide material; M. F. Sojka, U.S. Pat. 5,356,616 (1994) nail lacquer formulation.
Some reviews are I. I. Tverdokhlebova and T. A. Larina,Russ. Chem. Rev. 44, 170 (1975). translated fromUsp. Khim. 44, 367 (1975); A. M. Ton'shin, B. A. Kamaritskii, and V. N. Spektor,Russ. Chem. Rev. 52, 775 (1983), translated fromUsp. Khim. 52, 1365 (1983); V. P. Korchkov and T. N. Martynova,J. Appl. Chem. U.S.S.R. 58, 1923 (1985), translated fromZh. Prikl. Khim. 58, 2089 (1985).
J. D. Lichtenhan, N. Q. Vu, J. A. Carter, J. W. Gilman, and F. J. Feher,Macromolecules 26, 2141 (1993); J. D. Lichtenhan, Robert A, Mantz, Paul F. Jones, and Michael J. Carr.Polym. Prepr. 35, 523 (1994); J. D. Lichtenhan,Comm. Inorg. Chem. 17, 115 (1995); J. D. Lichtenhan and T. S. Haddad, work in progress.
Some well-defined, metal-containing POSS-clusters have been synthesized from the baseassisted degradation of polyphenylsilsesquioxane followed by metal-sodium exchange to form a small metal oxide framework sandwiched between two (PhSiO1.5)6 units. V. A. Igonin, O. I. Shchegolikhina, S. V. Lindeman, M. M. Levitsky, Yu. T. Struchkov, and A. A. Zhdanov,J. Organomet. Chem. 423, 351 (1992) and references therein.
H. Plenio, H. W. Roesky, M. Noltemeyer, and G. M. Sheldrick,Angew. Chem. 100, 1377 (1988);Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 27, 1330 (1988).
R. A. Anderson and G. Wiliinson,Inorg. Syn. 19, 262 (1979).
L. E. Manzer,Inorg. Syn. 21, 135 (1979).
P. C. Wailes and H. Weigold,J. Organomet. Chem. 24, 405 (1970).
F. J. Feher, D. A. Newman, and J. F. Walzer,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 1741 (1989).
F. J. Feher and D. A. Newman,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 1931 (1990).
R. D. Shannon,Acta. Cryst.A32, 751 (1976).
M. Schlosser and J. Hartmann,Angew. Chem. 85, 544 (1973);Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 12, 508 (1973).
E. Shockey, P. F. Jones, K. P. Chaffee, and J. D. Lichtenhan,Polym. Prepr. 36, 391 (1995).
M. D. T. and Q generally refer to silicones with mono-, di-, tri-, and quadrafunctional silicon center, C. B. Hurd,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 68, 364 (1946).
V. Belot, R. J. P. Corriu, D. Leclereq, P. H. Mutin, and A. Vioux,J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 9, 1052 (1990); V. Belot, R. Corriu, D. Leclereq. P. H. Mutin, and A. Vioux.Chem. Mater. 3, 127 (1991).
D. A. Foucher, R. Ziembinski, B. Tang, P. M. Macdonald, J. Massey, C. R. Jaeger, G. J. Vancso, and I. Manners,Macromolecules 26, 2878 (1993); D. A. Foucher, B. Tang, and I. Manners,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114, 6246 (1992).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Haddad, T.S., Lichtenhan, J.D. The incorporation of transition metals into polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane polymers. J Inorg Organomet Polym 5, 237–246 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01057895
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01057895