Abstract
The elements of a gyrotron electron cyclotron resonant heating system for the Compact Ignition Tokamak are analyzed. A 10–30 megawatt system design at 11 Tesla is discussed. Major elements (gyrotrons, mode convertors, windows, transmission lines, launch hardware) are examined, and further R&D required for component designs are outlined. The principal cost variables (gyrotron efficiency and availability of TFTR neutral beam power supplies) are discussed briefly.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R. Parker, G. Bateman, P. Colestock,et al. (1988).CIT physics and engineering basis. IAEA-CN-50/G-II-1, Twelfth International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Nice, France, October 1988.
D. W. Ignat, D. R. Conn, and P. P. Woskov (1988).The compact ignition tokamak and electron cyclotron heating: Description of need;Assessment of prospects. CIT-2584, AA-881018-PPL-05.
D. W. Ignat (1989).Heating the compact ignition tokamak (CIT). IEEE Symposium on Fusion Engineering, Knoxville Tennessee.
C. P. Moeller (1989).A survey of ECH microwave technology. (1989).Fusion Technol. 15, 725.
J. Lohr, B. W. Stallard, R. Prater,et al. (1988).Observation of H-mode confinement in the DIII-D tokamak with electron cyclotron heating.Phys. Rev. Lett.,60, 2630.
V. V. Alikaev, A. A. Bagdasarov, N. L. Vasin,et al. (1988).Effect of the power deposition profile in the plasma on the efficiency of ECR heating in the T-10.Sov. J. Plasma Phys.,14, 601.
K. Hoshino, T. Yamamoto, H. Kawashima,et al. (1985). JAERI-M 85-169.
M. Thumm, V. Erckmann, G. Janzen,et al. (1984). Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Heating in Toroidal Plasmas, Rome, p. 1461.
K. E. Kreischer and R. J. Temkin (1987).Single mode operation of a high power step tuneable gyrotron.Phys. Rev. Lett.,59, 547.
K. E. Kreischer, T. L. Grimm, A. W. Möbius, and R. J. Temkin (1988).The design of megawatt gyrotrons for the compact ignition tokamak. Thirteenth International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves, December 6, R. J. Temkin, ed.,SPIE 1039, 179; K. E. Kreischer.High Frequency Gyrotrons and their Applications to Tokamak Plasma Heating. MIT PFC report, PFC/RR91-1, January, 1981.
K. E. Kreischer, T. L. Grimm, W. C. guss, and R. J. Temkin (1989).The operation of a megawatt gyrotron in the submillimeter wave region. Proceedings of the International Electron Device Meeting.
M. Porkolab, P. T. Bonoli, R. Englade,et al. (1989).ECH-assisted startup and heating in the CIT. Proceedings of the Eighth Topical Conference on RF Power in Plasmas, Irvine, California.
M. Porkolab, P. T. Bonoli, R. Englade, R. Myer, G. R. Smith, and A. Ft. Kritz (1989).Electron cyclotron heating studies of the compact ignition tokamak. MIT PFC/JA-89-3 Proceedings of the European Conference on Controlled Plasma Physics, Venice.
W. Reiresen (1988).Updates to the general and systems requirements documents. CIT W-880808-PPL-09, August 1988.
K. E. Kreischer, T. L. Grimm, W. C. Guss, A. W. Möbius, and R. J. Temkin. (1990)Experimental study of a high frequency megawatt gyrotron oscillator.Phys. Fluids B. 2, 640.
A. Möbius, K. Kreischer, and R. Temkin (1988).A quasi-optical converter for efficient conversion of whispering gallery modes into narrow beam waves. Thirteenth International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves, December 6, R. J. Temkin, ed.,SPIE,1039, 121.
A. Möbius, J. A. Casey, K. E. Kreischer, and R. J. Temkin.An improved design for quasi-optical mode conversion of whispering gallery mode gyrotron radiation.IEEE Trans. Antennas & Prop. Submitted.
J. A. Casey and R. S. Post (1988).Megawatt gyrotron window R&D plan. CIT ECRH group memo, MIT. (available from the author).
H. J. Barkley, G. A. Müller, P. G. Schüller, W. Kasparek, L. Rebuffi, and M. Thumm (1988).Feasibility study on a high power (1 MW) millimeter-wave (140 GHz) transmission system for diagnositics of fusion α-partides in JET by collective millimeter-wave scattering. JET report # JET-R(88) 14.
M. N. Afsar (1984).Dielectric measurements of millimeterwave materials.IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.,MTT-32, 1598.
P. F. Becher, M. K. Ferber, and V. J. Tennery (1981).Mechanical reliability of ceramics for microwave window applications (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Metals and Ceramics Division, ORNL/TM-7811).
P. F. Becher and M. K. Ferber (1983).Mechanical reliability of current alumina and beryllia ceramics used in microwave windows for gyrotrons (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Metals and Ceramics Division, ORNL/TM-8555).
J. D. Fowler, Jr. 1981.Radio Frequency Heating of Ceramic Windows in Fusion Applications (Los Alamos National Laboratory, LA-9088-MS).
D. B. Churchill,et al. (1962).High average-power RF window study, final technical report. Rome Air Development Center, RADC-TDR-62-125.
A. Goldfinger.High power RF window study. Varian Associates, EIMAC Division, Technical Report # RADC-TR-66-657.
G. R. Haste, H. D. Kimrey, and J. D. Prosise (1986).Feasibility Study of a Cryogenically-Cooled Window for High-Power Gyrotrons (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Fusion Energy Division, ORNL/TM-9906.
W. W. Ho (1982).High Temperature Millimeter Wave Characterization of the Dielectric Properties of Advanced Window Materials (Rockwell International Science Center, Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center, AMMRC TR 82-28).
W. W. Ho (1984).Millimeter wave dielectric property measurement of gyrotron window materials. Rockwell International Science Center, Technical Report, January 26, 1983-February 29, 1984, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL/SUB/83-51926/1, April 1984.
W. W. Ho (1985).Millimeter wave dielectric property measurement of gyrotron window materials. Rockwell International Science Center, Technical Report, January 26, 1983-October 31, 1984, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL/SUB/83-51926/2, April 1985.
F. O. Johnson, (1964).Waveguide windows for multi-kilowatt CW applications. Varian Associates, Proceedings of the International Conference on Microwave Circuit Theory and Information Theory, Tokyo, Japan, September 1964.
J. G. Wegrowe, F. Moons, M. Vassiliadis, and E. Zolti (1986).Limits of operation of conventional RF windows for electron cyclotron wave launchers in a reactor. 14th Symposium, EU-RATOM, Avignon, France, September, 1986, Fusion Tech.
A. E. Siegman (1986).Lasers (University Science Books, Mill Valley, California).
J. A. Casey, P. Woskov (1988).Feasibility study of combined transmission line. CIT ECRH group memo, MIT (available from the author).
J. A. Casey, P. Woskov, D. Cohn, and R. Temkin (1988).Design of the CIT gyrotron ECRH transmission system. In Thirteenth International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves, December 6, R. J. Temkin, ed.,SPIE,1039, 123.
J. L. Doane (1985).Propagation and Mode Coupling in Corrugated and Smooth-Wall Circular Waveguides. InInfrared and Millimeter Waves-Volume 13: Millimeter Components and Techniques, K. J. Button, ed. (Academic Press), Part IV.
C. Prigent, P. Abba, and M. Cheudin (1988).A quasi-optical polarization rotator.Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves,9, 477.
J. L. Doane (1985).Polarization convertors in overmoded circular waveguide for electron cyclotron heating (ECH)at 60 GHz. Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves, R. J. Temkin, ed., Lake Buena Vista, Florida, December 1985, p. 166.
J. A. Casey, R. S. Post, R. Temkin, M. Afsar, D. Cohn, K. Kreischer, R. Myer, M. Porkolab, P. Woskov, and H. Jory (1988).CIT gyrotron ECRH program. Proposal/Program plan, MIT PFC/IR-88-2.
J. Casey, P. Woskov, and D. Cohn (1989).Review of basic system and recent studies for gyrotron ECRH on CIT. CIT report M-890116-MIT-01.
P. P. Woskov, J. A. Casey, and D. R. Cohn (1989).Gyrotron ECRH system cost scalings for CIT with tube number. CIT report M-890623-PPL-02.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Casey, J.A. CIT gyrotron ECRH system design. J Fusion Energ 9, 7–18 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01057319
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01057319