Abstract
Components of the hydrologic budget for a northern Wisconsin seepage lake were analyzed by applying correlation and regression techniques to monthly data. Analyses for the 1981–83 water years revealed a statistically significant, direct relationship between storage change and precipitation-evaporation balance. Ground-water outflow was negatively correlated with ground-water inflow, and this relationship was influenced by similar relationships for both hydraulic gradients and cross-sectional areas in outflow versus inflow regions of the lake. Neither ground-water outflow nor inflow was significantly related to precipitation, evaporation, storage change, or lake stage; this may reflect a lag in response time of the ground-water system compared to the lake. The results (1) emphasize the complexity of factors that influence ground-water interactions with seepage lakes and (2) suggest the importance of completing detailed hydrologic studies of these systems before mechanistic models, such as those developed to predict effects of acid deposition, are applied.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bouwer H, Rice RC (1976) A slug test for determining hydraulic conductivity of unconfined aquifers with completely or partially penetrating wells. Water Resources Res 12:423–428
Buchanan TJ, Somers WP (1968) Stage measurement at gaging stations. US Geol Surv Tech Water-Resources Invest Book 3 Chap A7, Washington DC, 28 pp
Dunn T, Leopold LB (1978) Water in environmental planning. Freeman, San Francisco, 818 pp
Eilers JM, Glass GE, Webster KE, Rogalla JA (1983) Hydrologic control of lake susceptibility to acidification. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 40:1896–1904
Garrison PJ, Greb SR, Knauer DR, Wentz DA, Krohelski JT, Bockheim JG, Gherini SA, Chen CW (1987) Application of the ILWAS model to the northern Great Lakes States. Lake Reservoir Mgmt 3:356–364
Gherini SA, Mok L, Hudson RJM, Davis GF, Chen CW, Goldstein RA (1985) The ILWAS model: Formulation and application. Water Air Soil Pollut 26:425–459
Goldstein RA, Chen CW, Gherini SA (1985) Integrated lake-watershed acidification study: summary. Water Air Soil Pollut 26:327–337
Goodison BE (1981) Compatibility of Canadian snowfall and snow cover data. Water Resources Res 17:893–900
Hadley DW (1976) Glacial geology. In: Mineral and water resources of Wisconsin (Report for use of US Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, 94th Congress, 2d Session). US Govt Printing Office, Washington DC, pp 38–55
Hulsing H (1968) Measurement of peak discharge at dams by indirect method. US Geol Surv Tech Water-Resources Invest Book 3 Chap A5, Washington DC, 29 pp
Kontis AL, Mandle RJ (1980) Data-base system for northern Midwest Regional Aquifer-System Analysis. US Geol Surv Water-Resources Invest 80–104, Madison, WI, 23 pp
Lillie RA, Mason JW (1983) Limnological characteristics of Wisconsin lakes. Wis Dept Nat Resources Tech Bull 138, Madison, WI, 116 pp
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (1972) National Weather Service observing handbook no. 2, substation observations (revised). Natl Oceanic Atmos Adm, Silver Spring, MD, 77 pp
Okwueze EE (1983) Geophysical investigations of the bedrock and the groundwater-lake flow system in the Trout Lake region of Vilas County, northern Wisconsin. Univ Wis-Madison, PhD thesis, 130 pp
Peters NE, Murdock PS (1985) Hydrogeologic comparison of an acidic-lake basin with a neutral-lake basin in the west-central Adirondack Mountains, New York. Water Air Soil Pollut 26:387–402
P-STAT Inc (1986) P-STAT user's manual. Duxbury, Boston, 852 PP
Webster KE,et al. (in prep) Chemical, hydrologic, and biotic characteristics of two low-alkalinity Wisconsin lakes in relation to atmospheric deposition. Wis Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI
Winter TC (1976) Numerical simulation analysis of the interaction of lakes and ground water. US Geol Surv Prof Paper 1001, Washington DC, 45 pp
— (1981) Uncertainties in estimating the water balance of lakes. Water Resources Bull 17:82–115
— (1983) The interaction of lakes with variably saturated porous media. Water Resources Res 19:1203–1218
Wisconsin Agriculture Reporting Service (1978) Snow and frost in Wisconsin, 1961–1977. Wis Agr Reporting Service, Madison, WI, 38 pp
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (1978) Wisconsin lakes. Wis Dept Nat Resources Pub 7-3600, Madison, WI, 90 pp
— (1980) A review of acid deposition in Wisconsin; recommendations for studying and solving the problem. Wis Dept Nat Resources, Acid Dep Task Force, Madison, WI, 46 pp
— (1985) Acid deposition monitoring data & quality assessment for wet deposition in Wisconsin (January 1980 to June 1984). Wis Dept Nat Resources, Bur Air Mgmt, Madison, WI, 48 pp
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wentz, D.A., Rose, W.J. Interrelationships among hydrologic-budget components of a northern Wisconsin seepage lake and implications for acid-deposition modeling. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 18, 147–155 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01056199
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01056199