Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

An assessment of the ecological effects of acidic deposition

  • Published:
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Research on the ecological effects of acidic deposition has yielded information that currently permits a partial assessment of these effects. Establishing a relationship between deposition of acidity and ecological effects is a difficult, lengthy process; the complexity of ecosystems requires an integrated mechanism-level approach in order to obtain quantitative and predictive information. Known ecological effects of acidic deposition appear in surface waters and probably forest eco-systems in eastern North America, northern, and central Europe. Almost all documented anthropogenically acidified surface waters in North America occur in the Adirondack Mountains. The effect of anthropogenic acidification on fish, expressed regionally, seems to be small compared to the total resource at risk. The current rate of acidification of surface water in North America appears to be slow. Acidification of surface water is temporarily reversed with addition of CaCO3. Fish tend to have higher Hg body burdens at lower pH of ambient water. Vertebrates other than fish and amphibians have not been affected by acidification, with the possible exception of local populations of piscivores and insectivores. Some lakes are apparently culturally acidified in southern Scandinavia and southern Scotland, but the limitations of the data restrict assessments. Forest decline is a widespread natural process that may be exacerbated by air pollution. Acidic deposition may contribute to forest decline by interaction with ozone and by the leaching of nutrients from soil. In North America, high elevation red spruce is in an unexplained decline to which both ozone and acidic deposition may be contributing. Acidic deposition may be exerting some unmeasured effect on forest decline in Germany by the further leaching of nutrient deficient soils. Extensive experimental work has failed to disclose unambiguous effects of acidic deposition on crops.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adams HS, Stephenson SL, Blasing TF, Duvick DN, Dabney S (1985) Growth trend declines of spruce and fir in mid-Appalachian subalpine forests. Environ Exper Bot 25:315–325

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams RM, Hamilton SA, McCarl BA (1984) The economic effects of ozone on agriculture. US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis OR, 175 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Airey D (1982) Contribution from coal and industrial materiais to mercury in air, rainwater and snow. Sci Total Environ 25:19–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Akielaszek JJ, Haines TA (1981) Mercury in the muscle tissue of fish from three northern Maine lakes. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 27:201–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson F (1986) Acidic deposition and its effects on forests of Nordic Europe. Water Air Soil Pollut 30:17–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashmore M, Bell N, Rutter J (1985) The role of ozone in forest damage in West Germany. Ambio 14:81–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashmore M, Tickle A (1987) Acid rain: never pure and rarely simple. Trends Ecol Evol 2:88–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker JP (1984) Fish. In: Linthurst RA (ed) The atmospheric deposition phenomenon and its effects: Critical assessment review papers Vol II Effects Sciences. USEPA Report 600/8-83-016BF, Washington, DC, pp 5–74 to 5–132

  • — (1985) State of the science: Effects of acidification on aquatic biota. Report to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, North Carolina State University Acid Deposition Program, Raleigh, NC, 56 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker JP, Creager CS, Christensen SW (1987) Identification of critical values for effects of acidification on fish populations. USEPA, Washington, DC, 155 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker JP, Harvey TB (1984) Critique of acid lakes and fish population status in the Adirondack Region of New York State. USEPA project E3-25, Washington, DC, 200 pp

  • Banwart WL (1987) Interaction of acid rain and drought stress on yield of corn. In: Proceedings, Terrestrial Effects Peer Review Meeting, Atlanta OA. NAPAP, Washington, DC, p 21 Session B-1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barchet WR (1987) Chapter 5. Acidic deposition and its gaseous precursors. In: NAPAP interim assessment. Volume III: Atmospheric Processes and Deposition. U.S. Govt Printing Office Washington DC, pp 5-1–5-116

  • Battarbee RW, Charles DF (1986) Diatom-based pH reconstruction studies of acid lakes in Europe and North America. Water Air Soil Pollut 30:347–354

    Google Scholar 

  • Beggs GL, Gunn JM (1986) Response of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and brook trout (S. fontinalis) to surface water acidification in Ontario. Water Air Soil Pollut 30:711–717

    Google Scholar 

  • Beggs GL, Gunn JM, Olver CH (1985) The sensitivity of Ontario lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and lake trout lakes to acidification. Ontario Fisheries Technical Report Series No. 17, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Google Scholar 

  • Beijer K, Jernelov A (1979) Methylation of mercury in aquatic environments,in Nriagu JO (ed) “The Biogeochemistry of Mercury in the Environment” Elsevier/North Holland Bio-medical Press, Amsterdam, XV pp 203–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Berden M, Nilsson SI, Rosen K, Tyler G (1987) Soil acidification: Extent, causes and consequences. Report 3292 National Swedish Environmental Protection Board, Solna, Sweden, 164 pp

  • Blank LW (1985) A new type of forest decline in Germany. Nature 314:311–315

    Google Scholar 

  • — (1986) Deterioration, but some recovery. Nature 319:529

    Google Scholar 

  • Booth GM, Hamilton JG, Molot LA (1986) Liming in Ontario: Short-term biological and chemical changes. Water Air Soil Pollut 31:709–720

    Google Scholar 

  • Boxman AW, Van Dijk HFG, Roelofs JFM (1987) Some effects of ammonium sulphate deposition on pine and deciduous forests in the Netherlands. In: Perry R, Harrison RM, Bell JNB, Lester JN (eds) Acid rain: Scientific and technical advances. Selper Ltd, London, pp 680–687

    Google Scholar 

  • Brady NC (1974) The nature and properties of soils. MacMillan, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Britt DL, Fraser JE, Fares RJ, Kinsman JD (eds) (1984) The Proceedings of the Lake Acidification Mitigation Workshop. US Dept of Energy Office and Environ Analysis, Washington DC 20585. 123 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown DJA (1981a) the Effect of pH and calcium on fish and fisheries. Water Air Soil Pollut 14:133–157

    Google Scholar 

  • — (1981b) The effects of various cations on the survival of brown trout,Salmo trutta at low pHs. J Fish Biol 18:31–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown DJA, Howells GD, Paterson K (1987) The Loch Fleet Project. In Acidification and Water Pathways (Norwegian National Committee for Hydrology). Held in Bolkesjo, Norway, May 1987, pp 349–363

  • Brown KA, Roberts TM, Blank LW (1987) Interaction between ozone and cold sensitivity in Norway spruce: A factor contributing to the forest decline in Central Europe? New Phytol 105:149–155

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruck RI (1984) Decline of montane boreal ecosystems in Central Europe and the southern Appalachian Mountains. TAPPI Proceedings, 1984 Research and Development Conference. TAPPI, Atlanta, GA. pp 159–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Callaway JM, Darwin RF, Nesse RJ (1986) Economic valuation of acidic deposition damages: Preliminary results from the 1985 NAPAP assessment. Water Air Soil Pollut 31:1019–1034

    Google Scholar 

  • Cappon CJ, Smith C (1981) Mercury and selenium content and chemical form in fish muscle. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 10:305–319

    Google Scholar 

  • — (1982) Chemical form and distribution of mercury and selenium in edible seafood. J Anal Toxicol 6:10–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Charles DF, Whitehead DR (1986) The PIRLA project: Paleo-ecological Investigations of recent lake acidification. Hydrobiologia 143:13–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Charles DF, Whitehead DR, Anderson DS, Bienart R, Camburn KE, Cook RB, Crisman TL, Davis RB, Ford J, Fry BD, Hites RA, Kahl JS, Kinston JC, Dreis RG, Mitchell MJ, Norton SA, Rool LA, Smol JP, Sweets PR, Uutala AJ, White JR, Whiting MC, Wise RJ (1986) The PIRLA project (paleoecological investigation of recent lake acidification): Preliminary results for the Adirondacks, New England, N. Great Lake States, and N. Florida. Water Air Soil Pollut 30:355–365

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen CW, Gherini SA, Goldstein RA (1979) Modeling the lake acidification process. In Wood MJ (ed) Ecological effects of acid precipitation, EA-79-6-LD. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto p 5–1

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen CW, Gherini SA, Hudson RJM, Dean JD (1983) The integrated lake-watershed acidification study, volume 1: Model principles and application procedures, EA-3221. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto 186 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Christopherson N, Seip HM, Wright RF (1982) A model for stream water chemistry at Birkenes, Norway. Water Resources Res 18:977–996

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook RB (ed) (1987) The effects of acidic deposition on aquatic resources in Canada: An analysis of past, present, and future effects. ORNL/TM-10405, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831

    Google Scholar 

  • Cosby BJ, Hornberger GM, Galloway JN (1985) Modeling the effects of acid deposition: Assessment of a lumped parameter model of soil water and stream chemistry. Water Resources Res 21:51–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronan CS, Kelly JM, Schofield CL, Goldstein RA (1987) Aluminum geochemistry and tree toxicity in forests exposed to acidic deposition. In: Perry R, Harrison RM, Bell JNB, Lester JN (eds) Acid rain: Scientific and technical advances. Selper Ltd, London, pp 649–656

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis GF, Whipple JJ, Gherini SA, Chen CW, Goldstein RA, Chan PWH, Munson R (1987) Big Moose basin: Simulation of response to acidic deposition. Biogeochemistry 3:141–161

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis RB, Berge F (1980) Atmospheric deposition in Norway during the last 300 years as recorded in SNSF lake sediments II. Diatom stratigraphy and inferred pH. In: Drablos D, Tollan A (eds) Ecological impact of acid precipitation. SNSF project, Oslo-As, pp 270–271

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis RB, Norton SA, Brakke DF, Berge F, Hess CT (1980) Atmospheric deposition in Norway during the last 300 years as recorded in SNSF lake sediments IV. Synthesis and comparison with New England. In: Drablos D, Tollan A (eds) Ecological impact of acid precipitation. SNSF project, Oslo-As, pp 274–275

    Google Scholar 

  • DePinto JV, Young TC, Scheffe RD, Booty WG, Rhea JR (1987) Use of acid lake reacidification model (ALaRM) to assess impact of bottom sediments on calcium carbonate treated lakes. N Am Lake Manage Soc Lake Reserv Manage 3:421–429

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickson W (1983) Liming toxicity of aluminum to fish. Vatten 39:400–404

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillon PJ, Reid RA, de Grosbois E (1987) The rate of acidification of aquatic ecosystems in Ontario, Canada. Nature 329:45–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Driscoll CT, Baker JP, Bisogni JJ, Schofield CL (1980) Effects of aluminum speciation on fish in dilute acidified water. Nature 284:161–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Driscoll CT, Fordham JF, Ayling WA, Oliver LM (1987) The chemical response of acidic lakes to CaCO3 treatment. N Am Lake Manage Soc Lake Reserv Manage 3:404–411

    Google Scholar 

  • Fendick EA, Goldstein RA (1987) Response of two Adirondack watersheds to acidic deposition. Water Air Soil Pollut 33:43–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Flower RJ, Battarbee RW, Appleby PG (1987) The recent paleolimnology of acid lakes in Galloway, south-west Scotland: Diatom analysis, pH trends, and the role of afforestation. J Ecol 75:797–824

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin JF, Shugart HH, Harmon ME (1987) Tree death as an ecological process. BioSci 37:550–556

    Google Scholar 

  • Freda J (1986) The influence of acidic pond water on amphibians: A review. Water Air Soil Pollut 30:439–450

    Google Scholar 

  • Frenette JJ, Richard Y, Moreau G (1986) Fish responses to acidity in Quebec lakes: A review. Water Air Soil Pollut 30:461–475

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedland AJ, Gregory RA, Karenlampi L, Johnson AH (1984) Winter damage to foliage as a factor in red spruce decline. Can J For Res 14:963–965

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedland AJ, Hawley GJ, Gregory RA (1987) Red spruce foliar chemistry in northern Vermont and New York, USA. Plant and Soil (in press)

  • Gherini SA, Chen CW, Mok L, Goldstein RA, Hudson RJM, Davis GF (1985) The ILWAS model: Formulation and application. Water Air Soil Pollut 26:425–459

    Google Scholar 

  • Ginzburg LR, Slobodkin LB, Johnson K, Bindman AG (1982) Quasiextinction probabilities as a measure of impact on population growth. Risk Analysis 2:171–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Gloss SP, Schofield CL, Spateholts RL (1987) Conditions for reestablishment of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations in acidic lakes following base addition. N Am Lake Manage Soc Lake Reserv Manage 3:412–420

    Google Scholar 

  • Godbold DL, Huttermann A (1986) The uptake and toxicity of mercury and lead to spruce (Picea abies Karst.) seedlings. Water Air Soil Pollut 31:509–515

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein RA, Chen CW, Gherini SA (1985) Integrated lake-watershed acidification study: Summary. Water Air Soil Pollut 26:327–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein RA, Gherini SA, Chen CW, Mok L, Hudson RJM (1984) Integrated lake-watershed acidification study (ILWAS): A mechanistic ecosystem analysis. Trans Royal Society, London, B 305:409–425

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunn JM, Keller W (1986) Effects of acid meltwater on chemical conditions at nearshore spawning sites. Water Air Soil Pollut 30:545–552

    Google Scholar 

  • Haines TA (1981) Acidic precipitation and its consequences for aquatic ecosystems: A review. Trans Am Fish Soc 110:669–707

    Google Scholar 

  • Haines TA, Baker JP (1986) Evidence of fish population responses to acidification in the eastern United States. Water Air Soil Pollut 31:605–629

    Google Scholar 

  • Hakanson L (1980) The quantitative impact of pH bioproduction and Hg-contamination on the Hg-content of fish (pike). Environ Pollut B 1:285–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen P (1987) Acid rain and waterfowl: The case for concern in North America. Izaak Walton League of Am, Arlington, VA, 39 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey H (1979). The acid deposition problem and emerging research needs in the toxicology of fishes. Fish Mar Serv Tech Rep 862:115–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasselrot B, Andersson IB, Alenas I, Hultberg H (1987) Response of limed lakes to episodic events in southwestern Sweden. Water Air Soil Pollut 32:341–362

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauhs M, Wright RF (1986) Relationship between forest decline and soil and water acidification in Scandinavia and Northern Germany. In: Blackman BG, Beasley RS (eds) Proceedings of mid-south symposium on acid deposition. Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AK, pp 15–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Heck WW, Adams RM, Cure WW, Heagle AS, Heggestad HE, Kohut RJ, Kress LW, Rawlings JO, Taylor OC (1983) A reassessment of crop loss from ozone. Environ Sci Technol 17:573–581

    Google Scholar 

  • Hidy GM, Young JR, Brocksen RW, El-Amamy MM, Cole DW, Page AL (1986) Acid deposition and the west: A scientific assessment. ERT, Inc. Document No P-D572-503, 975 Business Center Circle, Newbury Park, CA 91320, 194 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinds WT (1987) “Acid rain” and forest damage: A cautionary note. Environ Conserv 14:266

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinrichsen D (1986) Multiple pollutants and forest decline. Ambio 15:258–265

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornbeck JW, Smith RB, Federer CA (1986) Growth decline in red spruce and balsam fir relative to natural processes. Water Air Soil Pollut 31:425–430

    Google Scholar 

  • Howells G, Brown DJA (1986). Loch Fleet: Techniques for acidity mitigation. Water Air Soil Pollut 31:817–825

    Google Scholar 

  • Huckabee JW, Goldstein RA (1973) Dynamic redistribution of methylmercury in a pond ecosystem. In Proc First Ann NSF Trace Contain Conf Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN-CONF-730802, pp 625–638

  • Huckabee JW, Goodyear CP, Jones RD (1975) Acid rock in the Great Smokies: Unanticipated impact on aquatic biota of road construction in regions of sulfide mineralization. Trans Am Fish Soc 104:677–684

    Google Scholar 

  • Huckabee JW, Janzen SA (1975) Mercury in moss: Derived from the atmosphere or from the substrate? Chemosphere 1:55–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Huettl RF, Wisniewski J (1987) Fertilization as a tool to mitigate forest decline associated with nutrient deficiencies. Water Air Soil Pollut 33:265–276

    Google Scholar 

  • Hultberg H, Andersson IB (1982). Liming of acidified lakes: Induced long-term changes. Water Air Soil Pollut 18:311–331

    Google Scholar 

  • Huttunen S (1984) Interactions of diseases and other stress factors with atmospheric pollution. In: Treshow M (ed) Air pollution and plant life. J Wiley, New York, pp 321–356

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingersoll CG, LaPoint TW, Bergman HL, Breck J (1985) An early life stage brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) experiment to determine the effects of pH, calcium and aluminum in low conductivity water. In: Rago PJ, Schreiber RK (eds) Acid rain and fisheries: A debate of issues. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 80(40.21), U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC, pp 42–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Innes JL, Boswell RC (1987) Forest Health Surveys 1987, Part 1: Results. Forestry Commission Bulletin 74, Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London, 24 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Irving PM (1983) Acidic precipitation effects on crops: A review and analysis of results. J Environ Qual 12:442–453

    Google Scholar 

  • — (1986) Report on the Crop Response Workshop of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, Chicago IL. NAPAP, Washington DC, 31 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • — (1987) Chapter 6. Effects on agricultural crops. In: NAPAP interim assessment. Volume IV: Effects of acidic deposition, US Govt Printing Office, Washington, DC, pp 6-1–6-50

    Google Scholar 

  • Irving PM, Miller JE (1981) Productivity of field-grown soybeans exposed to acid rain and sulfur dioxide alone and in combination. J Environ Qual 10:473–478

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson TA, Kipphut G, Hesslein RH, Schindler DW (1980) Experimental study of trace metal chemistry in softwater lakes at different pH levels. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 37:387–402

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen KW, Snekvik E (1972) Low pH levels wipe out salmon and trout populations in southern Norway. Ambio 1:223–225

    Google Scholar 

  • Jernelov A (1980) The effects of acidity on the uptake of mercury in fish, pp 211-217. In: Toribara TY, Miller MW, Morrow PE (eds) Polluted Rain. Plenum Press, London xii, 502 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Johannessen M, Hindar V (1987) Mitigation studies In: Acidification and water pathways (Norwegian National Committee for Hydrology) Held in Bolkesjo Norway, May 1987, pp 325–348

  • Johnson AH, McLaughlin SD (1986) The nature and timing of the deterioration of red spruce in the Northern Appalachian Mountains. In: Acid deposition: Long term trends. National Academy Press, Washington DC, p 200

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson AH, Siccama TG (1983) Acid deposition and forest decline. Environ Sci Technol 17:294a-305a

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson DW, Richter DD, Lovett GM, Lindberg SE (1985) The effects of atmospheric deposition on potassium, calcium and magnesium cycling in three deciduous forests. Can J For Res 15:773–782

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelso JRM, Minns CK, Gray JE, Jones ML (1986) Acidification of surface waters in eastern Canada and its relationship to aquatic biota. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Dept of Fisheries and Oceans, Ottawa, Canada, 42 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Kessel-Taylor I (1987) An examination of alternative causes of Atlantic salmon decline and surface water acidification in southwest Nova Scotia. Working Paper No. 46, Lands Directorate, Environment Canada (in press)

  • Kuip JL (1987) Chapter 7. Effects on forests. In: NAPAP interim assessment. Vol IV: Effects of acidic deposition. US Govt Printing Office, Washington, DC, pp 7-1–7-59

    Google Scholar 

  • Lantzy RJ, MacKenzie FT (1978) Atmospheric trace metals: Global cycles and assessment of man's impact. Geochem et Cosmochem Acta 43:511–525

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazerte BD, Dillon PJ (1984) Relative importance of anthropogenic versus natural sources of acidity in lakes and streams of central Ontario. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 41:1664–1677

    Google Scholar 

  • Lessmark O, Thornelof E (1986) Liming in Sweden. Water Air Soil Pollut 31:809–815

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindberg SE, Jackson DR, Huckabee JW, Janzen SA, Levin MJ, Lund JR (1979) Atmospheric emission and plant uptake of mercury from agricultural soils near the Almaden mercury mine. J Environ Qual 8(4):572–578

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindquist O, Jernelöv A, Johansson K, Henning R (1984) Mercury in the Swedish Environment: Global and local sources. Report snv pm 1816, National Swedish Environmental Protection Board, Box 1302, S-17125 Solna, Sweden

    Google Scholar 

  • Linthurst RA, Landers DH, Eilers JM, Brakke DF, Overton WS, Meier EP, Crowe RE (1986) Characteristics of lakes in the Eastern US. Voi I Population descriptions, physicochemical relationships EPA/600/4-86/007a, USEPA, Washington, DC, 136 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Linthurst RA (ed) (1984) The acid deposition phenomenon and its effects: Critical assessment. Review papers, Volume II, Effects Sciences. USEPA Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Lodenius M (1981) Regional distribution of mercury inHypogmnia physotes in Finland. Ambio 10:183–184

    Google Scholar 

  • Malanchuk JL, Turner RS (1987) Chapter 8. Effects on aquatic systems. In: NAPAP interim assessment. Volume IV: Effects of Acidic Deposition. National Acid Precipitation Program, 722 Jackson Place, NW, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Manion PD (1985) Prepared discussion; Effects of air pollution on forests. J Air Pollut Cont Assoc 35:919–922

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcus MD, Parkhurst BR (1986) An evaluation and compilation of the reported effects of acidification on aquatic biota. Volumes 1 and 2. EPRI report E A 4825, Electric Power Research Institute, 3412 Hillview Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94303

    Google Scholar 

  • Marmorek DR, Thornton KW, Baker JP, Bernard DP, Reuber B (1987) Acidic episodes in surface waters: The state of the science. USEPA, Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR, 232 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazurski KR (1986) The destruction of forests in the Polish Sudetes Mountains by industrial emissions. Forest Ecol Manag 17:303–315

    Google Scholar 

  • McIlveen WD, Rutherford ST, Linzon SN (1986) A historical perspective of sugar maple decline within Ontario and outside of Ontario. ARB-141-86-Phyto, Ontario Ministry of the Environ, Toronto, Canada 40 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaughlin SB (1985) Effects of air pollution on forests: A critical review. J Air Pollut Cont Assoc 35:512–534

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaughlin SB, Downing DJ, Blasing TJ, Cook ER, Adams HS (1987) An analysis of climate and competition as contributors to decline of red spruce in high elevation Applachian forests of the Eastern United States. Oecologia 72:487–501

    Google Scholar 

  • Mierle G, Clark K, France R (1986) The impact of acidification on aquatic biota in North America: A comparison of field and laboratory results. Water Air Soil Pollut 31:593–604

    Google Scholar 

  • Mills KH, Malanchuk SM, Mohr LC, Davies IJ The responses of the fish populations of lake 223, the experimental lakes area, to eight years of experimental acidification. Can J Fish Aquat Sci (in press).

  • Minns CK, Kelso JRM (1986) Estimates of existing and potential impact of acidification on the freshwater fishery resources and their use in eastern Canada. Water Air Soil Pollut 31:1079–1090

    Google Scholar 

  • Monteith JL (ed) (1975) Vegetation and the atmosphere, Volume 1, Principles. Academic Press, London, 278 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Mount DR, Ingersoll CG, Golley DD, Fernandez JD, LaPoint TW, Bergman HL The effect on long-term exposure to acid, aluminum and calcium on the survival, growth and reproduction of adult brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Can J Fish Aquat Sci (in press)

  • Mueller-Dombois D (1987) Natural dieback in forests. BioSci 37:575–583

    Google Scholar 

  • Mueller PK, Allan MA, Jansen JJ (1988) Utility acid precipitation study program: Third summary report. UAPSP 114 Utility Acid Precipitation Study Program, Washington, DC, 96 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Muniz IP, Seip HM, Sevaldrud IH (1984) Relationship between fish populations and pH for lakes in southernmost Norway. Water Air Soil Pollut 23:97–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Munson RK, Gherini SA, Lang MM, Gomez LE, Chen CW, Goldstein RA, Knauer DR (1987) ILWAS model applications: Response of various surface waters to deposition acidity. In: Perry R, Harrison RM, Bell JMB, Lester JN (eds) Acid rain: Scientific and technical advances. Selper, London, pp 301–308

    Google Scholar 

  • NCASI (National Council of the Pulp and Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement) (1986) Summary and interpretation of the USDA Forest Service report on “Pine growth reductions in the Southeast.” Tech Bull No 508, NCASI, NY, 15 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Nihlgard B (1985) The ammonium hypothesis—an additional explanation to the forest dieback in Europe. Ambio 14:2–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Nyberg P, Appelberg M, Degerman E (1986) Effects of liming on crayfish and fish in Sweden. Water Air Soil Pollut 31:669–688

    Google Scholar 

  • Nyholm I (1981) Evidence of involvement of Al in causation of defective formation of eggshells and of impaired breeding in wild passerine birds. Environ Res 26:361–371

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Neill RV, Gardner RH, Barthouse LW, Suter GW, Hildebrand SG, Gehrs GW (1982) Ecosystem Risk Analysis: A New Methodology. Environ Toxicol Chem 1:167–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Overrein LH, Seip HM, Tollan A (1980) Acid precipitation-effects on forests and fish. Final Report SNSF project 1972–1980. RECLAMO, Oslo, 175 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Paces T (1985) Sources of acidification in Central Europe estimated from elemental budgets in small basins. Nature 315:31–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Parkhurst BR (1987) A comparison of laboratory andin situ bioassays for evaluating the toxicity of acidic water to brook trout. PhD Dissertation, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY

    Google Scholar 

  • Press F, Siever R (1978) Earth. Second Edition, WH Freeman, San Francisco, 649 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Prinz B (1985) Prepared discussion; Effects of air pollution on forests. J Air Pollut Cont Assoc 35:913–915

    Google Scholar 

  • Reckhow KH, Black RW, Stockton TB, Vogt JD, Wood JG (1986) Empirical models of fish response to lake acidification. USEPA, Corvallis, OR, 51 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Rehfuess KE (1987) Perceptions on forest diseases in Central Europe. Forestry 60:1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Reich PB, Amundson RG (1985) Ambient levels of ozone reduce net photosynthesis in tree and crop species. Science 230:566–570

    Google Scholar 

  • Retzsch WC, Everett AG, Duhaime PF, Northwanger R (1982) Alternative explanations for aquatic ecosystems effects attributed to acidic deposition. Utility Air Regulatory Group, Hunton & Williams, 2000 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington, DC, 119 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosseland BO, Skogheim OK, Abrahamsen H, Matzow D (1986b) Limestone slurry reduces physiological stress, increases survival of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in an acidic Norwegian River. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 43:1888–1893

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosseland BO, Skogheim OK, Sevaldrud IH (1986a) Acid deposition and effects in Nordic Europe: Damage to fish populations in Scandinavia continue apace. Water Air Soil Pollut 30:65–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Schang J, Pacyna J, Harstad A, Krognes T, Skjelmoen JE (1987) ECE co-operative programme for monitoring and evaluation of the long range transmission of air pollutants. Data report July 1984-December 1984, NILU Postboks 64 N-2001 Lillestrom, Norway

    Google Scholar 

  • Schindler DW, Hesslein RH, Wagemann R, Broecker WS (1980) Effects of acidification on mobilization of heavy metals and radionuclides from the sediments of a freshwater lake. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 37:373–377

    Google Scholar 

  • Schindler DW, Mills KH, Malley DF, Findlay DL, Shearer JA, Davies IJ, Turner MA, Linsey GA, Cruikshank DR (1985) Long-term ecosystem stress: The effects of years of experimental acidification on a small lake. Science 228:1395–1401

    Google Scholar 

  • Schnoor JL, Palmer Jr., JD, Glass GE (1984) Modeling impacts of acid precipitation for northeastern Minnesota. In: Schnoor JL (ed) Modeling of total acid and precipitation impact. Butterworth, Boston, pp 155–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Schofield CL (1978) Toxicity of metals. In: Hendrey G (ed) Limnological aspects of acid precipitation. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, pp 313–334

    Google Scholar 

  • Schofield CL, Gloss SP, Josephson D (1986) Extensive evaluation of lake liming restocking strategies and fish population response in acidic lakes following neutralization by liming. Interim Progress Report NEC-86/18. US Fish Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC 20240, 117 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott JT, Siccama TG, Johnson AH, Breisch AR (1985) Decline of red spruce in the Adirondacks, New York. Bull Torrey Bot Club 111:438–444

    Google Scholar 

  • Sevaldrud IH, Skogheim OK (1986) Changes in fish population in southernmost Norway during the last decade. Water Air Soil Pollut 30:381–386

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheffield RM, Cost ND (1987) Behind the decline. J Forestry 85:29–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheffield RM, Cost ND, Bechtold WA, McClure JP (1985) Pine growth reductions in the Southeast. USDA For Service Resour Bull SE-83, 112 pp

  • Siccama TG, Bliss M, Vogelmann HW (1982) Decline of red spruce in the Green Mountains of Vermont. Bull Torrey Bot Club 109:163–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Slovic P (1987) Perception of risk. Science 236:280–285

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephenson SL, Adams HS (1984) The spruce-fir forest on the summit of Mount Rogers in southwestern Virginia. Bull Torrey Bot Club 111:69–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Stumm W, Morgan JJ (1981) Aquatic chemistry: An introduction emphasizing chemical equilibria in natural waters. 2nd Edition, Wiley-Interscience, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Suckcharoen S (1980) High baseline Hg content in the unpolluted Finnish lake of Ikkelajarvi. Ymparisto ja Terveys 11:23–27 (English summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sverdrup H (1983) Lake liming. Chemica scripta 22:12–18

    Google Scholar 

  • — (1986) The dissolution efficiency for different stream liming methods. Water Air Soil Pollut 31:827–837

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornton FC, Schaedle M, Raynal DJ (1987) Effects of aluminum on red spruce seedlings in solution culture. Environ Exp Bot 27:489–498

    Google Scholar 

  • Troiano J, Colavito L, Heller L, McCune DC, Jacobson JS (1983) Effects of acidity of simulated rain and its joint action with ambient ozone on measures of biomass and yield in soybean. Environ Exp Bot 23:113–119

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsai SC, Boush GM, Matsumura F (1975) Importance of water pH in accumulation of inorganic mercury in fish. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 13:188–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich B (1986) Natural and anthropogenic components of soil acidification. Z Pflanzenernaehr Bodenk 149:702–717

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Breeman N, Burrough PA, Velthorst EJ, Van Dobben HF, De Wit T, Ridder TB, Reijnders HFR (1982) Soil acidification from atmospheric ammonium sulphate in forest canopy throughfall. Nature 299:548–550

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Winkle W, Christensen SW, Breck JE (1986) Linking laboratory and field responses of fish populations to acidification. Water Air Soil Pollut 30:639–648

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogelman HW, Badger GJ, Bliss M, Klein RM (1985) Forest decline on Camels Hump, Vermont. Bull Torrey Bot Club 112:274–287

    Google Scholar 

  • Wales DL, Beggs GL (1986) Fish species distribution in relation to lake acidity in Ontario. Water Air Soil Pollut 30:601–609

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang D, Karnosky DF, Bormann FH (1986) Effects of ambient ozone on the productivity ofPopulus tremuloides Michx. grown under field conditions. Canad J For Res 16:47–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Warfvinge P, Sverdrup H (1988) Watershed Liming. Lake and Reservoir Management, (in press)

  • Waring RH, Schlesigner WH (1985) Forest ecosystems: Concepts and management. Academic Press, Orlando FL, 340 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Watt WD (1986) The case for liming some Nova Scotia salmon rivers. Water Air Soil Pollut 31:775–789

    Google Scholar 

  • Watt WD, Scott CD, White WJ (1983) Evidence of acidification of some Nova Scotian rivers and its impact on Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 40:462–473

    Google Scholar 

  • Wetzel RG (1983) Limnology. Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia, 767 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead DR, Charles DF (1986) Lake selection. In Charles DF, Whitehead DR (eds) Paleoecological investigation of recent lake acidification, EA4906. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, pp 1–1.2

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiener JG (1983) Comparative analyses of fish populations in naturally acidic and circumneutral lakes in northern Wisconsin. Air Pollut and Acid Rain Report No. 16, Fish and Wildlife Service, US Department of Interior, Washington, DC, 121 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiener JG, Eilers JM (in press) Chemical and biological status of lakes and streams in the upper midwest: Assessment of acidic deposition effects. Lake and Reservoir Management

  • Woodman JN, Cowling EB (1987) Airborne chemicals and forest health. Environ Sci Technol 21:120–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright RF (1985) Chemistry of Lake Hovvatn, Norway, following liming and reacidification. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 42:1103–1113

    Google Scholar 

  • Zoettl HL, Huettl RF (1986) Nutrient supply and forest decline in southwest Germany. Water Air Soil Pollut 31:449–462

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electric Power Research Institute, Post Office Box 10412, 94303, Palo Alto, California

    John W. Huckabee, Jack S. Mattice, Louis F. Pitelka, Donald B. Porcella & Robert A. Goldstein

Authors
  1. John W. Huckabee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jack S. Mattice
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Louis F. Pitelka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Donald B. Porcella
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Robert A. Goldstein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Huckabee, J.W., Mattice, J.S., Pitelka, L.F. et al. An assessment of the ecological effects of acidic deposition. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 18, 3–27 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01056188

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01056188

Keywords

Search

Navigation