Abstract
The effects of diet, water hardness, and population source on acute toxicity, and diet and water hardness on chronic toxicity of copper (Cu) toCeriodaphnia dubia were evaluated. A diet of three algae (Chlamydomonas rheinhardti, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, and Chlorella vulgaris, hereafter referred to as CAC) cultured in vitaminenriched media was superior to synthetic diets consisting of yeast, Cerophyll, and trout chow (YCT). Neonates from mothers reared on CAC were 1.4 to 1.5 times more resistant to Cu than those reared on YCT or yeast and Cerophyll (YC). Forty-eight hr LC50s of Cu toC. dubia increased from 35 to 79 μg/L at water hardness of 94 and 170 mg CaCO3/L. Three populations ofCeriodaphnia derived from three USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) laboratories showed no differential Cu sensitivity. Chronic Cu impairment was measured by neonate production in the 7-day life-cycle test. Chronic values were 7.9 and 10.1 μg/L at water hardnesses of 94 and 170 mg/L respectively. A comparison of daily water renewal and renewal on days 3 and 5 only was made. Neonate production was significantly greater using day 3 and 5 renewals (Friedmann's Rank Sum Test, p < 0.005), even though Cu concentrations were comparable between the two tests. Therefore, handling stress may have been incurred using daily changes. It is recommended that future tests and USEPA guidelines should address deleting YCT and including multi-algal diets for culturing and chronic testing ofCeriodaphnia.
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Belanger, S.E., Farris, J.L. & Cherry, D.S. Effects of diet, water hardness, and population source on acute and chronic copper toxicity toCeriodaphnia dubia . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 18, 601–611 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055028
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055028