Abstract
It was shown that excitation of high- and low-threshold superior laryngeal afferents triggers reflexes of varying complexity in a considerable proportion of non-respiratory neurons during experiments on cats anesthetized by Nembutal involving stimulation-induced expiration reflex. Systemic alterations in background firing activity were noted during this reflex in "respiratory" neurons; reflex reaction setting in as a result of low-threshold laryngeal afferent activation was also recorded in 22.4% of this group. Oligo- and polysynaptic excitatory connections were found between low-threshold laryngeal afferents and inspiratory beta neurons, P-cells, and laryngeal muscle motoneurons as opposed to inhibitory connections with inspiratory gammaneurons. This article discusses involvement of the neurons investigated in mechanisms of inspiratory inhibition, closure of the vocal chords, and adaptive decline in breathing rate occurring during expiration reflex.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature cited
Yu. E. D'yachenko and N. N. Preobrazhenskii, "Functional differentiation of feline superior laryngeal nerve afferents," Neirofiziologiya,16, No. 4, 777–783 (1984).
I. A. Keder-Stepanova, "Respiratory neurons," in: A Guide to Physiology: Physiology of Respiration [in Russian], Nauka, Leningrad (1973), pp. 218–255.
Yu. P. Limanskii, "Integrative mechanisms of the brainstem," in: A Guide to Physiology: Local Physiology of the Nervous System [in Russian], Nauka, Leningrad (1983), pp. 61–111.
V. A. Safonov, V. N. Efimov, and A. A. Chumachenko, Neurophysiology of Respiration [in Russian], Meditsina, Moscow (1980).
F. Appia, W. R. Ewart, B. S. Pittam, and D. L. Wingate, "Convergence of sensory information from abdominal viscera in the rat brain stem," Am. J. Physiol.,251, No. 2, 169–175 (1986).
D. B. Averill, W. E. Cameron, and A. J. Berger, "Mono-synaptic excitation of dorsal medullary respiratory neurons by slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors," J. Neurophysiol.,52, No. 4, 771–785 (1984).
S. B. Backman, C. Anders, D. Ballantyne, et al., "Evidence for a monosynaptic connection between slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor afferents and inspiratory beta neurones," Pflügers Arch.,402, No. 2, 129–136 (1984).
H. L. Batsel, "Central nervous integration of defensive reflexes," in: Respiration, I. Hutas and L. A. Debreczeni, editors, Pergamon Press, Akad. Kiado, Budapest (1980), pp. 513–518 513–518.
A. J. Berger, "Dorsal respiratory group neurons in the medulla of cat: spinal projection, responses to lung inflation and superior laryngeal nerve stimulation," Brain Res.,135, No. 2, 231–254 (1977).
A. L. Berman, The Brain Stem of the Cat: A Cytoarchitectonic Atlas with Stereotaxic Coordinates, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison (1968).
A. L. Bianchi and J. C. Barillot, "Activity of medullary respiratory neurons during reflexes from the lung in cats," Resp. Physiol.,25, No. 3, 335–352 (1975).
J. M. Delgado-Garcia, J. López-Barneo, R. Serra, and S. Gonzales-Baron, "Electrophysiological and functional identification of different neuronal types within the nucleus ambiguus in the cat," Brain Res.,277, No. 2, 231–240 (1983).
T. Hukuhara, "Neuronal organization of the central respiratory mechanisms in the brain stem of the cat," Acta Neurophysiol. Exp.,33, No. 1, 219–244 (1973).
J. Jakuš, Elektrofyziologická Analýza Mechanizmow Obraných Reflexov Dýchacich Ciest a ich Farmakologiskè Ovplyvnenie: Autoref. Kand. Lek. Vied, Martin (1982).
J. Jakuš, Z. Tomori, and A. Stransky, "Bulbar respiratory neuronal activity during defensive airway reflexes in cats," Bull. Eur. Physiopathol. Resp.,19, No. 1, 68P (1983).
J. Jakuš, Z. Tomory, and A. Stransky, "Activity of bulbar respiratory neurones during cough and other respiratory tract reflexes in cats," Physiol. Bohemoslov.,34, No. 2, 127–136 (1985).
J. Korpáš, "Expiration reflex from the vocal folds," Physiol. Bohemoslov.,21, No. 6, 671–675 (1972).
J. Korpáš "Differentiation of the expiration and the cough reflex," Physiol. Bohemoslov,21, No. 6, 677–680 (1972).
J. Korpáš and E. Gajdoš, "Mechanoreception of the rspiratory tract in guinea pigs," Physiol. Bohemoslov.,20, No. 6, 623–630 (1971).
J. Korpáš and Z. Tomori, Cough and Other Respiratory Reflexes, Karger, Basel (1979).
S. Nosaka, "Electrophysiologic identification of preganglionic neurons in rat dorsal motor nucleus and analysis of vagus afferent projections," Exp. Neurol.,91, No. 2, 366–381 (1986).
D. W. Richter, "Generation and maintenance of the respiratory rhythm," J. Exp. Biol.,100, No. 1, 93–107 (1982).
A. Stransky and Z. Tomori, "Changes in laryngeal motoneurone activity and laryngeal calibre during the expiration reflex," Physiol. Bohemoslov.,28, No. 4, 365–373 (1979).
Additional information
A. A. Bogomolets Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 670–680, September–October, 1990.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
D'yachenko, Y.E. Involvement of bulbar respiratory and non-respiratory neurons in onset of expiration reflex. Neurophysiology 22, 499–507 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01052522
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01052522