Abstract
The effect of phenyl phosphorodiamidate (PPD) on floodwater properties, N uptake,15N recovery, and grain yield of wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.) was evaluated in a series of field studies conducted at Muñoz and Los Baños, Philippines. Prilled urea and PPD-amended urea were applied to soil and incorporated immediately prior to transplanting or applied to floodwater after transplanting. Urea was also deep-placed or added in a coated form in two studies.
The addition of PPD with urea retarded urea hydrolysis by 1–3 days, depending on the time and method of application. Significant reductions in the concentration of ammoniacal-N in floodwater resulted when PPD-amended urea was applied between 18 and 26 days after transplanting (DT). In contrast, PPD did not appreciably affect the concentration of ammoniacal-N in floodwater when applied with urea either immediately before or after transplanting of the seedlings.
Plant N uptake and grain yield were not significantly affected by the addition of PPD with urea in three of the four experiments conducted, even though PPD substantially reduced the concentration of ammoniacal-N in the floodwater in several treatments in these studies. The15N balance studies conducted at both field locations showed PPD to increase total15N recovery by between 10% and 14% of the15N applied, 14 days after the application of urea. No further loss of15N occurred between the initial sampling (40 DT) and grain harvest at Los Baños. An increase in15N recovery occurred at grain harvest at Muñoz because15N-labeled urea was applied at 50 DT in the study. PPD increased the amount of15N in the plant and nonexchangeable soil N fraction at all harvests at Los Baños. In contrast, at Muñoz, PPD increased the quantity of15N in the KCL-extractable pool 14 days after urea was applied. Reasons for the discrepancies in results between experiments and the overall failure of PPD to increase grain yield are discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bouldin DR and Alimagno BV (1976) NH3 volatilization losses from IRRI paddies following broadcast application of fertilizer nitrogen. Int Report, IRRI, Manila, Philippines
Bouwmeester RGB and Vlek PLG (1981) Rate control of ammonia volatilization from rice paddies. Atmos Environ 15, 131–140
Buresh RJ, Austin ER and Craswell ET (1982) Analytical methods in15N research. Fert Res 3, 37–62
Byrnes BH, Savant NK and Craswell ET (1983) Effect of a urease inhibitor, phenyl phosphorodiamidate, on the efficiency of urea applied to rice. Soil Sci Soc Am J 47, 270–274
Cao ZH, De Datta SK and Fillery IRP (1984) Effect of placement methods on floodwater properties and recovery and applied nitrogen (15N-labeled urea) in wetland rice. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 48, 196–203
Craswell ET and Castillo E (1979) A convenient device for taking large undisturbed samples of paddy soil. Int Rice Res Newsletter 4, 22
Craswell ET, De Datta SK, Obcemea WN and Hartantyo M (1981) Time and mode of nitrogen fertilizer application to tropical wetland rice. Fert Res 2, 247–259
De Datta SK and Gomez KA (1981) Interpretive analysis of the international trials on nitrogen fertilizer efficiency in wetland rice. In Fertilizer International, pp 1–5, May 1981. The British Sulphur Corporation, Ltd
DeLaune RD and Patrick WH, Jr. (1970) Urea conversion to ammonia in waterlogged soils. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 34, 603–607
Denmead OT, Freney JR and Simpson JR (1982) Dynamics of ammonia volatilization during furrow irrigation of maize. Soil Sci Soc Am J 46, 149–155
Douglas LA and Bremner JM (1970) Extraction and colorimetric determination of urea in soils Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 34, 859–862
Fillery IRP and De Datta SK (1984) Effect of N source and urease inhibitor on ammonia loss from flooded rice fields, I. Micrometeorological techniques, ammonia fluxes, and15N loss. Soil Sci Soc Am J (in press)
Fillery IRP, Simpson JR and De Datta SK (1984) Influence of field environment and fertilizer management on ammonia loss from flooded rice. Soil Sci Soc Am J 48, 914–920
Hales JM and Drewes DR (1979) Solubility of ammonia in water at low concentrations. Atmos Environ 13, 1133–1147
Mikkelsen DS, De Datta SK and Obcemea WN (1978) Ammonia volatilization losses from flooded rice soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 42, 725–730
Savant NK, James AF and McClellan GH (1983) Urea release from silicate and polymer-coated urea in water and a simulated wetland soil. Fert Res 4, 191–199
Savant NK, James AF and McClellan GH (1984) Effect of soil submergence on urea hydrolysis. Soil Science (in press)
Varley JA (1966) Automatic methods for the determination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in plant material. Analyst 91, 119–126
Vlek PLG and Craswell ET (1979) Effect of nitrogen source and management on ammonia volatilization losses from flooded rice-soil systems. Soil Sci Soc Am J 43, 352–358
Vlek PLG and Craswell ET (1981) Ammonia volatilization from flooded soils. Fert Res 2, 227–245
Vlek PLG, Stumpe JM, and Byrnes BH (1980) Urease activity and inhibition in flooded soil systems. Fer Res 1, 191–202
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fillery, I., De Datta, S. & Craswell, E. Effect of phenyl phosphorodiamidate on the fate of urea applied to wetland rice fields. Fertilizer Research 9, 251–263 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01050351
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01050351