An attempt to evaluate phosphorus fertilizer requirements of western Nigeria savannah soils

Abstract

A greenhouse fertilizer trial was carried out on 60 surface soils of the western Nigeria savannah derived from basement complex rocks. Bray's P₁ available P in the soils varied between 1 and 112µg ml⁻¹. There was maize response to P addition and a critical P level of 12.7µg ml⁻¹ was calculated for the soils.

For 22 of the soils, a laboratory incubation technique was used in evaluating changes in Bray's P₁ extractable P at various rates with time. The initial rapid decline in soil available P was completed between 28 and 84 days of incubation. A fertilizer factor, calculated from extracted P in treated and untreated soils varied between 1.5 and 16.7µg ml⁻¹ and was significantly correlated with soil pH and citrate-dithioniteextractable oxides of Fe and Al.

Fertilizer rates based on critical soil P, available soil P and fertilizer factor, correlated significantly with greenhouse estimates for optimum yield obtained with the linear response plateau model (r = 0.91,p < 0.001). At ten field locations varying in available P content, response was only to P applications lower than 60 kg ha⁻¹ and the calculated P rates using a mean fertilizer factor of 3.0µg ml⁻¹ corresponded to P rates at which maximum yields were obtained in the sites.