Summary
Some comments are presented on the finite element analysis of the time dependent effects that develop when a tunnel is driven in a rock mass characterized by a viscous behaviour. First, the so called swelling and squeezing phenomena are described considering in particular rocks containing clay minerals. Subsequently the discussion is focused on the squeezing behaviour, i.e. on the time dependent increase of the shear deformation which develops with minor volume changes. Some linear and non-linear viscous constitutive laws are discussed, as well as their use in the solution of boundary value problems. Finally, the effects taking place around tunnels driven into squeezing rocks are illustrated through some numerical analyses based on these constitutive models.
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Gioda, G., Cividini, A. Numerical methods for the analysis of tunnel performance in squeezing rocks. Rock Mech Rock Engng 29, 171–193 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01042531
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01042531