Abstract
This study identifies characteristics of the geographical distribution of sensible climates and their diurnal and annual variations, and presents a classification of bioclimates in monsoon Asia by using Kawamura's discomfort index formula. During the hottest month, tropical areas and areas in central and South China are uncomfortable for humans throughout the day and night, and temperate zones in lowlands are uncomfortable during the daytime. Tropical zones are uncomfortable all year long and temperate zones in lowlands are uncomfortable during summer. Four climatic types were distinguished in monsoon Asia. Climatic type I, hyperthermal throughout the year, occurs in the tropics south of latitude 20° N. Climatic type II, hyperthermal in the hottest month and comfortable in the coldest month, extends over latitudes from 20° to 30° N except in the highlands. Climatic type III, hyperthermal in the hottest month and hypothermal in the coldest month, encompasses temperate zones of East Asia and subtropical arid areas of northwestern India. Climatic type V, comfortable in the hottest month and hypothermal in coldest month, occurs near the southeast coast of the Soviet Union and in the highlands of the Himalayas.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Besancenot JP (1984) Bioclimatological background and agricultural human settlements in Monsoon Asia. In: MM Yoshino (ed) Climate and agricultural land use in Monsoon Asia. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo
Brazol D (1954) Bosquejo bioclimatico de la república Argentina. Meterors 4: 381–394
Court A (1948) Wind chill. AMS Bull 29: 487–493
Driscoll HE (1985) Human health. In: DD Houghton (ed) Handbook of applied meteorology. Wiley, New York
Freitas CR de (1979) Human climates of northern China. Atmos Environ 13: 71–77
Gregorczuk M (1967) Bioclimates of the world under air enthalpy point of view. In: HE Landsberg (ed), The assessment of human bioclimate. WMO Tech Publ 123
Gregorczuk M, Cena K (1967) Distribution of effective temperature over the surface of the earth. Int J Biometeorol 11: 145–149
Ilyas M, Pang CY, Chan AW (1981) Effective temperature comfort indices for some Malaysian towns. Singapore J Trop Geog 2: 27–31
Kamiyama K (1961) Sensible climate. Kisho-kenkyu Note 12: 214–248
Kamiyama K (1968) Discomfort Index. In: K Yoshimura (ed) Biometeorology. Kinokuniya, Tokyo
Kawamura T (1965) Distribution of discomfort index in Japan in summer season. J Meteorol Res 17: 460–466
Landsberg HE (1972) The assessment of human bioclimate; a limited review of physical parameters. WMO Tech Publ 123
Nicolas JP (1958) Les climats Africans en biogéographie humaine. Bull Institut Français Afr Noire 20 Ser B: 7–67
Roth HP (1966) Bioclimatic applications of a humidithermal chart. Abstract of paper presented at 4th International Biometeorology Congress New Brunswick
Siple PA, Passel CF (1945) Measurements of dry atmospheric cooling in subfreezing temperatures. Pro Am Philos Soc 89: 177–199
Subrahmanyam VP, Sivaramakrishnaiah K (1964) Bioclimatic classification of India and the neighbourhood with special reference to its significance for human comfort. Ind J Med Res 52: 618–624
Tennenbaum J, Sohar E, Adar R, Gilat T, Yaski P (1961) The physiological significance of the cumulative discomfort index. Harefuah J Med Assoc Israel 60: 315–319
Thom EC (1959) The discomfort index. Weatherwise 12: 57–60
Venkiteshwaran SP, Swaminathan MS (1966) An estimate of thermal comfort at some stations in India. Ind J Meterol: 27–38
Wycherley PR (1967) Indices of comfort throughout Malaysia. Meteorol Mag 96: 73–77
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ono, HS.P., Kawamura, T. Sensible climates in monsoon Asia. Int J Biometeorol 35, 39–47 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01040962
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01040962