Summary
Food irradiation has become a matter of topical interest also in the Federal Republic of Germany following applications for exemptions concerning irradiation tests of spices. After risks to human health by irradiation doses up to a level sufficient for product pasteurization were excluded, irradiation now offers a method suitable primarily for the disinfestation of fruit and decontamination of frozen and dried food. Codex Alimentarius standards which refer also to supervision and dosimetry have been established; they should be adopted as national law. However, in the majority of cases where individual countries including EC member-countries so far permitted food irradiation, these standards were not yet used.
Approved irradiation technique for industrial use is available. Several industrial food irradiation plants, partly working also on a contractual basis, are already in operation in various countries.
Consumer response still is largely unknown; since irradiated food is labelled, consumption of irradiated food will be decided upon by consumers.
Zusammenfassung
Die Lebensmittelbestrahlung ist auch in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland durch Anträge auf Ausnahmegenehmigungen für die versuchsweise Bestrahlung von Gewürzen wieder aktuell geworden. Nachdem die Frage nach der gesundheitlichen Unbedenklichkeit bis zu einer die Pasteurisierung einschließenden Dosis geklärt ist, steht mit der Bestrahlung eine Methode zur Verfügung, die vor allem für die Desinfestation von Früchten, die Dekontamination von gefrorenen Produkten und die Hygienisierung von trockenen Lebensmitteln interessant ist. Zur gesetzlichen Regelung dieses Verfahrens sind von Codex Alimentarius Standards entwickelt worden, die sich auch mit Kontrolle und Dosimetrie befassen, und die in die nationalen Gesetzgebungen übernommen werden sollten. Die meisten der bisherigen Zulassungen auch im Bereich der E.G. machen hiervon allerdings noch keinen Gebrauch. Was die industrielle Anwendung betrifft, so ist die Bestrahlungstechnik erprobt; verschiedene industrielle Lebensmittelbestrahlungsanlagen in unterschiedlichen Ländern sind bereits in Betrieb und in begrenztem Umfang kann vor allem im Bereich der E.G. auf vorhandene Lohnbestrahlungsanlagen zurückgegriffen werden. Über die zu erwartende Reaktion des Verbrauchers besteht noch weitgehend Unklarheit; eine Kennzeichnung der bestrahlten Produkte wird es ihm ermöglichen, selbst über den Konsum bestrahlter Lebensmittel zu entscheiden.
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Grünewald, T. Lebensmittelbestrahlung. Z Lebensm Unters Forch 180, 357–368 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01027767
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01027767