Abstract
The attraction of bark and ambrosia beetles as well as associated beetles to α-pinene and ethanol was studied in field experiments with flight barrier traps. α-Pinene and ethanol were released individually and as combinations in approximately 1∶1 or 1∶10 ratios and at four different release rates. Ethanol attractedTomicus piniperda (L.),Hylurgops palliatus (Gyll.),Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.),Hylastes cunicularius Er.,H. brunneus Er.,H. opacus Er., andAnisandrus dispar (F.) (Scolytidae);Glischrochilus quadripunctatus (L.) andEpuraea spp. (Nitidulidae);Thanasimus formicarius (L.) (Cleridae); andRhizophagus depressus (F.) (Rhizophagidae). α-Pinene attracted all these species with the exception ofT. lineatum, H. cunicularius, andA. dispar. Combinations of a-pinene and ethanol resulted in synergistically increased attraction of all species with the exception ofH. opacus andA. dispar. A. dispar, the only hardwood-associated species in the study, was repelled by α-pinene. Both the release rates and the ratio at which the two substances were released influenced the response of the beetles. The differences in response between the beetle species seem to reflect dissimilarities in the release of the two substances among the various types of breeding material to which the species are adapted.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Annila, E. 1975. Effect of felling date of trees on the attack density and flight activity ofTrypodendron lineatum (Oliv.) (Col., Scolytidae).Commun. Inst. For. Fenn. 86:1–16.
Bauer, J., andVité, J.P. 1975. Host selection byTrypodendron lineatum.Naturwissenschaften 62:539.
Borden, J.H., Hunt, D.W.A., Miller, D.R., andSlessor, K.N. 1986. Orientation in forest Coleoptera: An uncertain outcome of responses by individual beetles to variable stimuli, pp. 97–109,in T.L. Payne, M.C. Birch, and C.E J. Kennedy (eds.). Mechanisms in Insect Olfaction. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Byers, I.A., Lanne, B.S., Löfqvist, J., Schlyter, F., andBergström, G. 1985. Olfactory recognition of host-tree susceptibility by pine shoot beetles.Naturwissenschaften 72:324–326.
Cade, S.C., Hrutfiord, B.F., andGara, R.I. 1970. Identification of a primary attractant forCnathotrichus sulcatus isolated from western hemlock logs.J. Econ. Entomol. 63:1014–1015.
Chapman, J.A., andKinghorn, J.M. 1955. Window flight traps for insects.Can. Entomol. 87:46–47.
Gauss, R. 1954. Der AmeisenbuntkäferThanasimus (Clerus) formicarius Latr. als Borkenkäferfeind, pp. 417–429,in G. Wellenstein (ed.). Die grosse Borkenkäferkalamität in Südwestdeutschland 1944–1951. Forstschutzstelle Südwest/Ringingen.
Ikeda, T., Enda, N., Yamane, A., Oda, K., andToyoda, T. 1980. Attractants for the Japanese pine sawyer,Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).Appl. Entomol. Zool. 15:358–361.
Klimetzek, D., Köhler, J., Vité, J.P., andKohnle, U. 1986. Dosage response to ethanol mediates host selection by “secondary” bark beetles.Naturwissenschaften 73:270–272.
Kohnle, U. 1985. Untersuchungen über die Pheromonsysteme sekundärer Borkenkäfer (Col., Scolytidae).Z. Angew. Entomol. 100:197–218.
Lekander, B.,Bejer-Petersen, B.,Kangas, E., andBakke, A. 1977. The distribution of bark beetles in the Nordic countries.Acta Entomol. Fenn. 32:102 pp.
LångstrÕm, B. 1984. Windthrown Scots pines as brood material forTomicus piniperda andT.minor. Silva Fenn. 18:187–198.
Magema, N., Gaspar, C., andSéverin, M. 1982. Efficacité de l'éthanol dans le piégeage du scolyteTrypodendron lineatum (Olivier, 1795) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) et rôle des constituants terpeniques de l'epicea.Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg. 112:49–60.
Mills, N.J. 1983. The natural enemies of scolytids infesting conifer bark in Europe in relation to the biological control ofDendroctonus spp. in Canada.Biocontrol News and Information 4:305–328.
Moeck, H.A. 1970. Ethanol as the primary attractant for the ambrosia beetle,Trypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae).Can. Entomol. 102:985–995.
Moeck, H.A. 1971. Field test of ethanol as a scolytid attractant.Can. Dep. Fish. For. Bi-mon. Res. Notes 27:11–12.
Nijholt, W.W., andSchönherr, J. 1976. Chemical response behavior of scolytids in West Germany and western Canada.Can. For. Serv. Bi-mon. Res. Notes 32:31–32.
Nuorteva, M. 1956. Über den Fichtenstamm-Bastkäfer,Hylurgops palliatus Gyll., und seine Insektenfeinde.Acta Entomol. Fenn. 13:118 pp.
Pulliainen, E. 1983. Infestation byTrypodendron lineatum (Oliv.) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) of spruce and pine felled in different years and months near the subarctic timberline.Ann. Entomol. Fenn. 49:45–48.
Schroeder, L.M. 1988. Attraction of the bark beetleTomicus piniperda and some other bark- and wood-living beetles to the host volatiles α-pinene and ethanol.Entomol. Exp. Appl. 46:203–210.
Trägårdh, I. 1921. Undersökningar över den större märgborren, dess skadegörelse och bekämpande (Untersuchungen über den Grossen Waldgärtner (Myelophilus piniperda).Medd. Statens Skogsförsöksanstalt 18:1–80.
Vité, J.P., Volz, H.A., Paiva, M.R., andBakke, A. 1986. Semiochemicals in host selection and colonization of pine trees by the pine shoot beetleTomicus piniperda.Naturwissenschaften 73:39–40.
Zar, J.H. 1984. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schroeder, L.M., Lindelöw, Å. Attraction of scolytids and associated beetles by different absolute amounts and proportions of α-pinene and ethanol. J Chem Ecol 15, 807–817 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01015179
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01015179