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DNA content of leukaemic cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of low-grade malignancy

Flow-cytometric and morphological investigations with special regard to hyperploid cells

DNA-Gehalt leukämischer Zellen bei Nicht-Hodgkin-Lymphomen niederer malignität

Durchflußzytometrische und morphologische Untersuchung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung hyperploider Zellen

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Zusammenfassung

Bei 17 Patienten mit leukämischen Non-Hodgkin-Lymphomen niedriger Malignität entsprechend der Kieler Klassifikation [13] wurde der DNA-Gehalt der Blutzellen flußzytometrisch bestimmt und zu zytologischen Befunden in Beziehung gesetzt. Die Histogramme von acht Patienten mit chronisch lymphatischer Leukämie (CLL), zwei Patienten mit Prolymphozyten-Leukämie (PL), zwei Patienten mit Haarzell-Leukämie (HCL) und einem Patienten mit Immunozytom (IC) zeigen unimodale DNA-Verteilungskurven, die einem diploiden DNA-Gehalt der Zellen entsprechen dürften. Bimodale Histogramme wurden in einem Fall von CLL (Rai IV) mit hochgradiger Leukozytose, in einem Fall von Sézary-Syndrom mit kleinen und einigen großen Lutzner Zellen und in einem Fall von IC mit „prolymphozytoider“ Transformation beobachtet. Bei der CLL (Rai IV) entsprechen die zwei Gipfel des Histogramms einer großen Population wahrscheinlich diploider Zellen (88%) und einer kleinen von G2-Zellen (3%), während 9% der Lymphozyten in DNA-Synthesephase angetroffen wurden. Die großen Lutzner Zellen des Patienten mit Sézary-Syndrom machen 4% der Blutzellen aus und konnten als hypotetraploid (3,5c) identifiziert werden, während die kleinen Lutzner Zellen (44%) diploid sind. Das transformierte 1C, das sich aus einem lymphozytischen Typ mit kleinen, kristalloide Immunglobulineinschlüsse enthaltenden Zellen entwickelt hatte, war durch 84% tetraploider Zellen im Blut charakterisiert. Ihre großen und eingebuchteten Kerne zeigen eine relativ dichte Chromatinstruktur und große Nukleolen, die im Semidünn- und Feinschnitt besser als im Blutausstrich zu erkennen sind. Da Zellen in DNA-Synthesephase bei den Patienten mit Sézary-Syndrom und transformiertem IC fehlen, werden die hyperploiden Elemente als nicht im Blut proliferierend angesehen. Die tetraploiden „prolymphozytoiden“ Zellen des Patienten mit IC werden als ein Zeichen der Malignitätssteigerung des Non-Hodgkin-Lymphoms interpretiert.

Summary

The DNA content of blood cells from 17 patients with leukaemic non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of low-grade malignancy according to the Kiel classification [13] was determined by a flow-cytometric assay and compared with cytological findings. The histograms from eight patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), two patients with prolymphocytic leukaemia (PL), two patients with hairy cell leukaemia (HCL), and one patient with immunocytoma (IC) showed unimodal DNA distributions falling in with a diploid DNA content (2c) of the cells. Bimodal histograms were found in one case of CLL (Rai IV) with marked leukocytosis, in one case of Sézary syndrome with small and some large Lutzner cells, and in one case of IC with “prolymphocytoid” transformation. In the case of the CLL (Rai IV) the two peaks of the histogram represent a large population of probably diploid cells (88%) and a small one of G2 cells (3%), while 9% of the lymphocytes were found in the DNA synthesis phase. Large Lutzner cells of the patient with Sézary syndrome comprising 4% of the blood cells could be identified as hypotetraploid (3,5 c), whereas small Lutzner cells (44% of all cells) were recorded at 2c. The transformed IC which evolved from a lymphocytic ] type with small, crystalloid immunoglobulin bearing cells was characterized by 84% tetraploid (4c) cells in the blood. Their large and indented nuclei exhibited a relatively dense chromatin pattern and large nucleoli that were easily recognized in semithin and ultrathin sections but not in blood films. Since cells in DNA synthesis phase were absent, the hyperploid elements in the case of the Sé-zary syndrome and the transformed IC had to be regarded as non-proliferating in blood. The tetraploid “prolymphocytoid” cells of the patient with IC can be interpreted to reflect increased malignancy.

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Düllmann, J., Wulfhekel, U., Linden, W.A. et al. DNA content of leukaemic cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of low-grade malignancy. Blut 41, 427–435 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01007767

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