Quieting response training: Long-term evaluation of a clinical biofeedback practice

Abstract

Clinical evidence for the long-term effectiveness of biofeedback related relaxation training is accumulating. The purpose of this report is to describe the population, self-regulation procedure, outcome criteria, and final outcome for patients who received Quieting Response (QR) training. Data from 340 patients who completed at least the first follow-up at 3 months is presented. Primary presenting symptoms were headaches, 72%; primary and secondary Raynaud's, 14%; hypertension, 4%; irritable colon, 4%; and miscellaneous, 6%. QR training integrated EMG and thermal feedback with deep breathing, progressive relaxation, and autogenic exercises presented on cassette tapes. Eight 1-hour weekly sessions were given, with emphasis on daily home exercises. Follow-up evaluations were at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Outcome was based on change in frequency, severity, and duration of symptoms; changes in medication; and secondary benefits. Quieting Response training was found to be most beneficial for patients with primary Raynaud's disease (18 of 23 patients, or 78% successful), classic migraines (9 of 13, or 69%), and common migraines (20 of 32, or 62%), followed by mixed headaches (79 of 131, or 60%), Raynaud's plus other symptoms (9 of 15, or 60%), and the irritable colon syndrome (7 of 13, or 54%). Less successful were patients with headaches plus other symptoms (16 of 37, or 43%), muscle contraction headaches (13 of 33, or 39%), secondary Raynaud's phenomenon (4 of 10, or 40%), and essential hypertension (5 of 15, or 33%). Speculations about the differing outcomes across symptom groups were made.