Abstract
Graduate schools and APA-approved internships in North America were surveyed to determine the type and extent of biofeedback training, additional biofeedback training planned, requirements considered to be a minimum necessary before beginning clinical practice of biofeedback, when biofeedback is considered an appropriate application, and whether biofeedback is considered a “passing fad” in clinical practice. Questionnaires were returned by 56% of the graduate schools and 54% of the internships, and revealed training in 58% and 67% respectively. Training in biofeedback procedures appears to be growing, and most graduate schools and internships think that biofeedback is not a passing fad in clinical practice. Training emphases vary considerably across graduate schools and internships, with some schools and internships excluding theory and/or practice and/or research from their instruction. The results are discussed in relation to the question of determining which procedures to include in future instruction.
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Noonberg, A.R. Biofeedback training: Offerings, plans, and some attitudes in graduate schools and internships. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation 10, 25–32 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00998675
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00998675