Abstract
In this survey paper, we present refinements, extensions, and variants of the inequality
valid for all real numbersx i ε (0,1/2] (i=1,...,n) which are not all equal. Inequality (*) was published for the first time in 1961 and is due to Ky Fan.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alzer, H.: Ein symmetrisches Mittel in zwei Veränderlichen,Bull. Greek Math. Soc. 28 (1987), 73–80.
Alzer, H.: Verschärfung einer Ungleichung von Ky Fan,Aequationes Math. 36 (1988), 246–250.
Alzer, H.: Ungleichungen für geometrische und arithmetische Mittelwerte,Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. 91 (1988), 365–374.
Alzer, H.: On an inequality of Ky Fan,J. Math. Anal. Appl. 137 (1989), 168–172.
Alzer, H.: A new proof of Ky Fan's inequality,Internat. J. Math. Ed. Sci. Tech. 20 (1989), 486–489.
Alzer, H.: Die Ungleichung von Ky Fan: Ein neuer Beweis,Mitt. Math. Ges. Hamburg 11 (1989), 699–701.
Alzer, H.: Rado-type inequalities for geometric and harmonic means,J. Pure Appl. Math. Sci. 24 (1989), 125–130.
Alzer, H.: On weighted geometric means,Canad. Math. Bull. 32 (1989), 199–206.
Alzer, H.: A converse of Ky Fan's inequality,C.R. Math. Rep. Acad. Sci. Canada 11 (1989), 1–3
Alzer, H.: Über gewichtete geometrische und arithmetische Mittelwerte,Anz. Österreich. Akad. Wiss. Math-Natur. Kl. 127 (1990), 33–36.
Alzer, H.: An inequality of W.-L. Wang and P.-F. Wang,Internat. J. Math. Math. Sci. 13 (1990), 295–298.
Alzer, H.: An extension and a converse of Ky Fan's inequality,Quaestiones Math. 13 (1990), 67–75.
Alzer, H.: Inequalities for arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means,Bull. London Math. Soc. 22 (1990), 362–366.
Alzer, H.: Über eine zweiparametrige Familie von Mittelwerten,Acta Math. Hungar. 56 (1990), 205–209.
Alzer, H.: A Popoviciu-type inequality for weighted geometric and harmonic means,Utilitas Math. 38 (1990), 189–192.
Alzer, H.: Eine komplementäre Ungleichung,Facta Univ. Ser. Math. Inform. 5 (1990), 51–54.
Alzer, H.: Ky Fan's inequality and related results,Punime Math. 5 (1990), 49–55.
Alzer, H.: A short proof of Ky Fan's inequality,Arch. Math. (Brno) 27 (1991), 199–200.
Alzer, H.: Inequalities for pseudo arithmetic and geometric means, in W. Walter (ed.),General Inequalities 6, Birkhäuser, Basel, 1992, pp. 5–16.
Alzer, H.: Refinements of Ky Fan's inequality,Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 117 (1993), 159–165.
Alzer, H.: On weighted arithmetic, geometric and harmonic mean values,Glasnik Mat. 25 (1990), 279–284.
Alzer, H.: An inequality for arithmetic and harmonic means,Aequationes Math. 46 (1993), 257–263.
Alzer, H., Ando, T. and Nakamura, Y.: The inequalities of W. Sierpinski and Ky Fan,J. Math. Anal. Appl. 149 (1990), 497–512.
Alzer, H. and Pečarić, J. E.: On Ky Fan's inequalityPann. Math. (in print).
Beckenbach, E. F. and Bellman, R.:Inequalities, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1961.
Bullen, P. S.: An inequality of N. Levinson,Univ. Beograd. Publ. Elektrotehn. Fak. Ser. Mat. Fiz. 412–460 (1973), 109–112.
Bullen, P. S., Mitrinović, D. S. and Vasić, P. M.:Means and Their Inequalities, D. Reidel, Dordrecht, 1988.
Chan, F., Goldberg, D. and Gonek, S.: On extensions of an inequality among means,Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 42 (1974), 202–207.
Dinghas, A.: Some identities between arithmetic means and the other elementary functions ofn numbers,Math. Ann. 120 (1948), 154–157.
Dinghas, A.: Zum Beweis der Ungleichung zwischen dem arithmetischen und geometrischen Mittel vonn Zahlen,Math. Phys. Semesterber. 9 (1962/63), 157–163.
Dinghas, A.: Superadditive Funktionale, Identitäten und Ungleichungen der elementaren Analysis,Math. Ann. 178 (1968), 315–334.
El-Neweihi, E. and Proschan, F.: Unified treatment of inequalities of the Weierstrass product type,Amer. Math. Monthly 86 (1979), 206–208.
Hardy, G. H., Littlewood, J. E. and Pólya, G.:Inequalities, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1952.
Klamkin, M. S. and Newman, D. J.: Extensions of the Weierstrass product inequalities,Math. Mag. 43 (1970), 137–140.
Lawrence, S. and Segalman, D.: A generalization of two inequalities involving means,Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 35 (1972), 96–100.
Levinson, N.: Generalization of an inequality of Ky Fan,J. Math. Anal. Appl. 8 (1964), 133–134.
Marshall, A. W. and Olkin, I.:Inequalities: Theory of Majorization and Its Applications, Academic Press, New York, 1979.
Mitrinović, D. S.:Analytic Inequalities, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1970.
Pečarić, J. E.: On an inequality of N. Levinson,Univ. Beograd. Publ. Elektrotehn. Fak. Ser. Mat. Fiz. 678–715 (1980), 71–74.
Pečarić, J. E.: An inequality for 3-convex functions,J. Math. Anal. Appl. 90 (1982), 213–218.
Pečarić, J. E.: On Levinson's inequality,Real Anal. Exchange 15 (1989–90), 710–712.
Pečarić J. E. and Klamkin, M. S.: Extensions of the Weierstrass product inequalities, III,SEA Bull. Math. 11 (1988), 123–126.
Popoviciu, T.: Sur une inégalité de N. Levinson,Mathematica (Cluj) 6 (1964), 301–306.
Roberts, A. W. and Varberg, D. E.:Convex Functions, Academic Press, New York, 1973.
Sandor, J.: On an inequality of Ky Fan,Babes-Bolyai Univ., Fac. Math. Phys., Res. Semin. 1990, No. 7, 29–34.
Sandor, J.: On an inequality of Ky Fan, II,Internat. J. Math. Ed. Sci. Tech. 22 (1991), 326–328.
Vasić, P. M. and Janić, R. R.: On an inequality of N. Levinson,Publ. Inst. Math. (Belgrade) 10 (1970), 155–157.
Wang, C.-L.: On a Ky Fan inequality of the complementary A-G type and its variants,J. Math. Anal. Appl. 73 (1980), 501–505.
Wang, C.-L.: Functional equation approach to inequalities, II,J. Math. Anal. Appl. 78 (1980), 522–530.
Wang, C.-L.: Inequalities of the Rado-Popoviciu type for functions and their applications,J. Math. Anal. Appl. 100 (1984), 436–446.
Wang, C.-L.: On development of a Ky Fan inequality of the complementary A-G type,J. Math. Res. Exp. 8 (1988), 513–519.
Wang, W.-L. and Wang, P.-F.: A class of inequalities for the symmetric functions (in Chinese),Acta Math. Sinica 27 (1984), 485–497.
Wang, Z. and Chen, J.: A generalization of Ky Fan inequality,Math. Balkanica 5 (1991), 373–380.
Wu, C., Wang, W. and Fu, L.: Inequalities for symmetric functions and their applications (in Chinese),J. Chengdu Univ. Sci. Tech., No. 1 (1982), 103–108.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alzer, H. The inequality of Ky Fan and related results. Acta Appl Math 38, 305–354 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00996150
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00996150