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Structure de l'organe sensoriel apical de l'antenne chez l'Isopode terrestreMetoponorthus sexfasciatus Budde-Lund (Crustacea, Isopoda)

Structure of the apical sensory organ of the antenna in a terrestrial isopod,Metoponorthus sexfasciatus Budde-lund (Crustacea, Isopoda)

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Summary

The apical sensory organ on the antenna ofMetoponorthus was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It consists of a tuft of very short terminal hairs which prolongs a central body and two long lateral hairs which are articulated on the central body of the sensory organ.

Hairs from the terminal tuft are innervated by 4 to 12 bipolar neurons. The dendritic cilia proceed through the axial body and then enter the lumen of hairs without branching. Dendrites in each hair communicate with environment through a rather wide terminal opening. It is suggested that some dendrites are mechanoreceptive. Scale-like cuticular structures protect the terminal part of the hairs, on the inner side that is not exposed to outer stimuli.

The two long lateral hairs are innervated by 5 bipolar neurons: 4 dendrites enter the hair lumen while one, mechanoreceptive, terminates in the socket membrane.

The fine structure of this apical sensory organ corresponds to that of known contact chemoreceptors in other Arthropods. A comparison is made with known chemo-receptors in marine and terrestrial Crustacea. In terrestrial forms it can be observed that the hairs become shorter. On the other hand the hair surfaces which are not exposed to outer stimuli show a thickened cuticule. In the terrestrial IsopodMetoponorthus (studied in the present work) the very short terminal hairs barely project past the central body. The development of the cuticular structures at the tip of the hairs and the tendancy of the hairs to be integrated into a single organ (central body of the sensory organ) represent so many adaptations for protection and reduction of evaporation.

Résumé

L'organe sensoriel apical de l'antenne deMetoponorthus a été étudié en microscopie électronique à balayage et par transmission. Il comporte un corps central à la base duquel sont articulées deux longues soies latérales et qui se termine par une touffe de soies très courtes.

Les soies de la touffe terminale sont innervées par 4 à 12 neurones bipolaires. Les dendrites traversent le corps central puis pénètrent dans la lumière des soies sans se ramifier. Ils communiquent avec l'extérieur par un pore terminal assez gros. Parmi les dendrites certains paraissent assurer une fonction mécanoréceptrice. Des structures cuticulaires en forme d'écaille protègent la partie terminale des soies du côté axial. Les deux longues soies latérales sont innervées par 5 neurones bipolaires: 4 dendrites pénètrent dans la lumière de la soie; le 5ème, mécanorécepteur, s'arrête au niveau de l'articulation de la soie sur le corps central.

La structure fine de cet organe sensoriel apical correspond à celle des chémo-récepteurs de contact connus chez d'autres Arthropodes. Une comparaîson est faite avec les chémorécepteurs de Crustacés marins et terrestres. Chez les formes terrestres on observe un raccourcissement de la partie libre des soies, ainsi qu'une orientation des pores du côté exposé aux stimuli extérieurs. Chez l'Isopode terrestreMetoponorthus étudié dans ce travail, les très courtes soies terminales dépassent à peine du corps central. Le développement des structures cuticulaires au sommet des soies et la tendance des soies à s'intégrer en un organe unique (corps central de l'organe sensoriel) sont autant de spécialisations pour le renforcement de ces soies et leur protection contre la dessication.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de Neurophysiologie et Psychophysiologie, C.N.R.S., 31, Chemin Joseph-Aiguier, F-13274, Marseille Cedex 2, France

    Françoise Mead, Daniéle Gabouriaut & Gisèle Corbière-Tichané

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  1. Françoise Mead
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  2. Daniéle Gabouriaut
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  3. Gisèle Corbière-Tichané
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Mead, F., Gabouriaut, D. & Corbière-Tichané, G. Structure de l'organe sensoriel apical de l'antenne chez l'Isopode terrestreMetoponorthus sexfasciatus Budde-Lund (Crustacea, Isopoda). Zoomorphologie 83, 253–269 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00993512

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