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References
Kuhn, T. S.,The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd ed. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1970.
Meehl, P. E.,Clinical versus Statistical Prediction: A Theoretical Analysis and a Review of the Evidence. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1954.
Brief descriptions are available from Allport, G. W., “Psychological Models for Guidance,”Harvard Educational Review, 1962,32, 373; Krantz, D. L. ed.,Schools of Psychology. New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1969; and Mathis, B. S., and McGaghie, W. C., “From Theories for Learning to Theories for Teaching.” In Stiles, L. J., ed.,Theories for Teaching. New York, Dodd, Mead, 1974, p. 30.
London, P.,The Modes and Morals of Psychotherapy. New York, Holt Rinehart, and Winston, 1964.
There is a growing trend toward naturalistic or ecological research among behavioral scientists, including several having reputations has “hardnosed empiricists.” All call for a broader view of behavioral science research, but none would relax standards of quality. Relevant illustrations includes such writings as Bronfenbrenner, U., “Toward an Experimental Ecology of Human Development,”American Psychologist, 1977,32, 513; Gibbs, J. C., “The Meaning of Ecologically Oriented Inquiry in contemporary Psychology,”American Psychologist, 1979,34, 127; and Magoon, A. J., “Constructivist Approaches in Educational Research,”Review of Educational Research, 1977,47, 651.
Professional evaluations regarding the technical strengths and clinical usefulness of three of the tests-WAIS (a revised version ofthe Wechsler-Bellevue), Rorschach, TAT-are available in the Seventh and the EighthMentol Measurements Yearbooks, O.K. Buros.ed., Highland Park, N.J., Gryphon Press, 1972 and 1978, respectively. As the researchers acknowledge, the Wechsler-Bellevue is now considered obsolete and has been replaced by the WAIS in most clinical settings. Reviews of the Rorschach and the TAT are not complimentary. Evaluations are not available, to my knowledge, for the Word Association Test, BRL Object Sorting Test, and the Babcock Story Recall.
Stanley, J. C., “Reliability,” In Thorndike, R. L., ed.,Educational Measurement, 2nd ed. Washington, D.C., American Council on Education, 1971, p. 443.
Ibid..
The literature on human judgment and decision making clearly shows that, despite the confidence most persons have in thier judgmental capacities, we should be far from sanguine about our ability to draw accurate inferences from data. Several citations are noteworthy: Einhorn, H. J., and Hogarth, R. M., “Confidence in Judgment: Persistence of the Illusion of Validity,”Psychological Review, 1978,85, 395–416; Slovic, P.; Fischoff, B., and Lichtenstein, S., “Behavioral Decision Theory,”Annual Review of Psychology, 1977,28, 1–39; Snapper, K. J., and Fryback, D. G., “Inferences on Unreliable Reports,”J. Experimental Psychology, 191,87, 401–404; and Tversky, A., and Kohneman, D., “Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases,”Science, 27 September 1974,185, 1124–1131.
Comrey, A. L., “Common Methodological Problems in Factor Analytic Studies,”J. Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1978,46, 648.
Cronbach, L. J., and Furby, L., “How Should We Measure Change-Or Should We?”Psychological Bulletin, 1970,74, 68.
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McGaghie, W.C., McWhorter, P.R., Moss, D.M. et al. Book reviews. J Relig Health 19, 246–252 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00990143
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00990143