Abstract
Why does local environmental degradation lead some communities to rebel while others remain politically complacent? This comparative analysis seeks a partial answer to that question through examination of the impacts of the social visibility of local environmental problems on political mobilization in the Great Lakes Basin. The data upon which this paper is based is drawn from original field research conducted in six environmentally contaminated communities in both the U.S. and Canada. The paper examines the efforts of industry, government and environmental organizations to manipulate the visibility of contaminants in order to promote or prevent the emergence of grass roots political activism. However, the data indicates that socially visible environmental disorganization increases local awareness of contamination, but has little bearing on the definition of that contamination as a problem requiring political action. The transformation of awareness of environmental problems into local political mobilization is not determined primarily by the social visibility of contaminants, their sources, or their impacts on the environment.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ashworth, William. 1987.The late Great Lakes: An environmental history. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
Bullard, Robert D. 1990.Dumping in Dixie: Race Class and Environmental Quality. Boulder: Westview Press.
Crenson, Matthew A. 1971.The un-politics of air pollution: A study of non-decisionmaking in the cities. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press.
Dreschel, Andrew. 1988. In the bustling port of Hamilton recreation is second to commerce.Hamilton Spectator, 30 July.
Fogarty, David. 1985.Great Lakes toxic hotspots: A citizen's action guide. Chicago: Lake Michigan Federation, Toxic Control Program.
Gould, Kenneth A. 1991a. Money, management and manipulation: Environmental mobilization in the Great Lakes basin. Ph.D. dissertation. Northwestern University.
Gould, Kenneth A. 1991b. “The sweet smell of money: Economic dependency and local environmental political mobilization.” InSociety and Natural Resources: An International Journal. Vol. 4, No. 2. April–June.
Gould, Kenneth A. 1992. “Putting the (W) R.A.P.s on public participation: Remedial action planning and working-class power in the Great Lakes basin.” InSociological Practice Review. Vol. 3, No. 3. July.
Gould, Kenneth A. Adam Weinberg and Allan Schnaiberg. “Legitimating Impotence: Pyrrhic Victories of the Modern Environmental Movement.” InQualitative Sociology. Forthcoming, October 1993.
Greenpeace. nd.Hamilton Harbour: Site profile. Toronto: Greenpeace.
Great Lakes United, Water Quality Task Force. 1987.Unfulfilled promises: A citizen's review of the international Great Lakes water quality agreement. Buffalo: Great Lakes United.
Great Lakes United. 1988.A citizen's agenda for restoring Lake Ontario: Report of a regional meeting on Lake Ontario water quality issues. Buffalo: Great Lakes United.
Hamilton Harbour RAP Writing Team. 1988.A summary report of the goals, problems and options for the Hamilton Harbour Remedial Action Plan.
Indiana Department of Environmental Management. 1988.Draft: Northwest Indiana environmental action plan, area of concern remedial action plan. Indianapolis: Indiana Department of Environmental Management.
Kazis, Richard and Richard Grossman, 1991.Fear at Work: Job Blackmail, Labor and the Environment. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers.
Land Use Research Associates. 1986.Interim Report, Hamilton Harbour's water quality: The stakeholder's proposals. Toronto: Land Use Research Associates.
Levine, Adeline Gordon. 1982.Love Canal: Science, politics and people. Lexington, MA.: Lexington Books.
McGuinness, Eric. 1988. Pollution level unacceptable.Hamilton Spectator, August 3, 1(B).
Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1988.Guide to eating Ontario sport fish. Toronto: Communications branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment.
Sanger, Penny. 1981.Blind faith: The nuclear industry in one small town. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited.
Schnaiberg, Allan. 1980.The environment: From surplus to scarcity. New York: Oxford University Press.
Schnaiberg, Allan. 1986. “Reflections on resistance to rural industrialization: Newcomers' culture of environmentalism.” InDifferential social impacts of rural resource development. Pam D. Elkind-Savatsky, editor. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Schnaiberg, Allan and Kenneth A. Gould. 1994.Environment and Society: The Enduring Conflict. New York: St. Martin's Press.
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5. 1989.Record of decision amendment summary: Outboard Marine Corporation/Waukegan Harbor. Chicago: United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gould, K.A. Pollution and perception: Social visibility and local environmental mobilization. Qual Sociol 16, 157–178 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00989748
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00989748