Abstract
Configurationally pure (>99.6%) α-methylalkanoic acids have been employed to prepare chiral hydrocarbon semiochemicals. The stereoisomers of the following compounds were synthesized: 13-methylhentriacontane, 15-methyltritriacontane, and 15,19-dimethyltritriacontane. The first compound was identified earlier as a kairomone of the corn earworm while the other two are sex excitants of the stable fly. The methods described have broad applicability in asymmetric synthesis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ade, E., Helmchen, G., andHeiligenmann, G. 1980. Syntheses of the stereoisomers of 17,21-dimethylheptatriacontane—sex recognition pheromone of the tsetse fly.Tetrahedron Lett. 21:1137–1140.
Carlson, D.A., Langley, P.A. andHuyton, P. 1978. Sex pheromone of the tsetse fly: Isolation, identification, and synthesis of contact aphrodisiacs.Science 201:750–753.
Evans, D.A. Ennis, M.D., andMathre, D.J. 1982. Asymmetric alkylation reactions of chiral imide enolates. A practical approach to the enantioselective synthesis of α-substituted carboxylic acid derivatives.J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104:1737–1739.
Dale, J.A., andMosher, H.S. 1973. Nuclear magnetic resonance enantiomer reagents. Configurational correlations via nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts of diastereomeric mandelate,O-methylmandelate, and α-methoxy-α-trifluoromethylphenylacetate (MTPA) esters.J. Am. Chem. Soc. 95:512–519.
Helmchen, G., Ott, R., andSauber, K. 1972. Gezielte Trennunǵ und absolute Konfiguration von enantiomeren Carbonsaüren und Aminen.Tetrahedron Lett. 37:3873–3878.
Helmchen, G., Völter, H., andSchühle, W. 1977. Directed resolution of enantiomers via liquid chromatography of diastereomeric derivatives III. A convenient method to determine the absolute configuration of carboxylic acids R1R2HCCOOH.Tetrahedron Lett. 16:1417–1420.
Jacques, J., Gros, C., andBourcier, S. 1980. Absolute configurations of 6000 selected compounds with one asymmetric carbon atom, pp. 65–66,in H.B. Kagan (ed.). Stereochemistry: Fundamentals and Methods, Vol. 4. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart, W. Germany.
Jones, R.L., Lewis, W.J., Bowman, M.C., Beroza, M., andBierl, B.A. 1971. Host-seeking stimulant for parasite of corn earworm: Isolation, identification, and synthesis.Science 173:842–843.
McDowell, P.G., Whitehead, D.L., Chaudhury, M.F.B., andSnow, W.F. 1981. The isolation and identification of the cuticular sex-stimulant pheromone of the tsetseGlossina pallipides Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae).Insect Sci. Appl. 2:181–187.
Kleinberg, J. 1963. Procedure A: Tetrakis[iodo(tri-n-butylphosphine) copper (I)].Inorg. Synth. 7:10 (footnote).
Pfeffer, P.E., andSilbert, L.S. 1970. α-Anions of carboxylic acids. Effect of hexamethyl-phosphoramide on metallation and alkylation.J. Org. Chem. 35:262–264.
Rogoff, W.M., Gretz, G.H., Sonnet, P.E., andSchwarz, M. 1980. Responses of male house flies to muscalure and to combinations of hydrocarbons with and without muscalure.Environ. Entomol. 9:605–606.
Sonnet, P.E. 1982. Syntheses of the stereoisomers of the sex pheromones of the southern corn rootworm and lesser tea tortrix.J. Org. Chem. 47:3793–3796.
Sonnet, P.E., andHeath, R.R. 1982. Comparative gas chromatographic separation of simple diastereomeric amides and carbamates using isotropic and cholesteric liquid crystal phases.J. Chromatogr. 238:41–50.
Sonnet, P.E., Uebel, E.C., Harris, R.L., andMiller, R.W. 1977. Sex pheromone of the stable fly: Evaluation of methyl- and 1,5-dimethylalkanes as mating stimulants.J. Chem. Ecol. 3:245–249.
Sonnet, P.E., Uebel, E.C., Harris, R.L., andMiller, R.W. 1977. Sex pheromone of the stable fly: Identification, synthesis, and evaluation of alkenes from female stable flies.J. Chem. Ecol. 5:353–361.
Tamura, M., andKochi, J. 1971. Coupling of Grignard reagents with organic halides.Synthesis pp. 303–305.
Uebel, E.C., Sonnet, P.E., andMiller, R.W. 1976. House fly sex pheromone: Enhancement of mating strike activity by combination of (Z)-9-tricosene with branched saturated hydrocarbons.J. Econ. Entomol. 5:905–908.
Vinson, S.B., Jones, R.L., Sonnet, P.E., Bierl, B.A., andBeroza, M. 1975. Isolation, identification, and synthesis of host-seeking stimulants forCardiochiles nigriceps, a parasitoid of tobacco budworm.Entomol. Exp. Appl. 13:443–450.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sonnet, P.E. General approach to synthesis of chiral branched hydrocarbons in high configurational purity. J Chem Ecol 10, 771–781 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00988542
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00988542