Skip to main content
Log in

The supracaudal scent gland of the red foxVulpes vulpes

  • Published:
Journal of Chemical Ecology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The supracaudal gland of the red fox consists of both tubular “apocrine” sweat glands and massively developed sebaceous glands. The gland is characterized by a high level of histochemically demonstrable hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity (particularly β-3β HSD) and by the presence of naturally fluorescent photolabile sebum constituents. Evidence suggests that these components may be carotenoid. Results are presented in the context of histological observations and are discussed in relation to scent production.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Albone, E.S. 1975. Dihydroactinidiolide in the supracaudal gland secretion of the red fox.Nature 256:575.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albone, E.S., Eglinton, G., Walker, J.M., andWare, G.C. 1974. The anal sac secretion of the red fox,Vulpes vutpes; its chemistry and microbiology. A comparison with the anal sac secretion of the lion,Panthera leo. Life Sci. 14:387–400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baillie, A.H., Ferguson, M.M., andHart, D.McK. 1966.Developments in steroid histochemistry. Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flood, P.F. 1973. Histochemical localization of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in maxillary glands of pigs.J. Reprod. Fert. 32:125–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, M.W. 1971a. Socio-infantile and socio-sexual signals in canids; a comparative and ontogenetic study.Z. Tierpsychol. 28:185–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, M.W. 1971b.Behaviour of wolves, dogs and related canids. Jonathan Cape, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hama, T. andObika, M. 1958. On the nature of some fluorescent substances of pterin type in the adult skin of toad,Bufo vulgaris formosus.Experientia 14:182–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrand, M. 1952. The integument in Canidae.J. Mammal. 33; 419–428.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holt, W.V. andTam, W.H. 1973. Steroid metabolism by the chin gland of the male cuis,Galea musteloides.J. Reprod. Fert. 33:53–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isoe, S.,Hyeon, S.B., andSakan, T. 1969. Photo-oxygenation of carotenoids. The formation of dihydroactinidiolide and β-ionone from β-carotene.Tetrahedron Lett. 279–281.

  • Ke, B., Imsgard, F., Kjösen, H., andLiaaen-Jensen, S. 1970. Electronic spectra of carotenoids at 77 °K.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 210:139–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kloek, J. 1961. The smell of some steroid sex-hormones and their metabolites. Reflections and experiments concerning the significance of smell for the mutual relation of the sexes.Psychiat. Neurol. Neurochir. 64:309–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leighton, P.A. 1961.Photochemistry of air pollution. Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovell, J.E. andGetty, R. 1957. The hair follicle, epidermis, dermis and skin glands of the dog.Amer. J. Vet. Res. 18:873–885.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melrose, D.R., Reed, H.C.B., andPatterson, R.L.S. 1971. Androgen steroids associated with boar odour as an aid to the detection of oestrus in pig artificial insemination.Br. Vet. J. 127:497–502.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montagna, W., Chase, H.B., andHamilton, J.B. 1951. The distribution of glycogen and lipids in human skin.J. Invest. Derm. 17:147–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montagna, W. andParakkal, P.F. 1974.The Structure and Function of Skin, 3rd Ed. p. 316. Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montagna, W. andParks, H.F. 1948. A histochemical study of the glands of the anal sac of the dog.Anat. Rec. 100:297–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mykytowycz, R. 1970. The role of skin glands in mammalian communication, pp. 327–360,in J.W. Johnston, D.G. Moulton, and A. Turk (eds.),Advances in Chemoreception, Vol. 1. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noble, W.C. andSomerville, D.A. 1974.Microbiology of Human Skin, pp. 102–103. W.B. Saunders Co. Ltd., London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearse, A.G.E. 1972.Histochemistry, Theoretical and Applied, 3rd Ed. Vol. 2, pp. 1177–1178. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaffer, J. 1940.Die Hautdrüsenorgane der Säugetiere. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sisson, J.K. andFahrenbach, W.H. 1967. Fine structure of steroidogenic cells of a primate cutaneous organ.Am. J. Anat. 121:337–367.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stinson, C.G. andPatterson, R.L.S. 1972. C1916 steroids in boar sweat glands.Br. Vet. J. 128:xli-xliii.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zechmeister, L. 1958. Somein vitro conversions of naturally occurring carotenoids.Fortschr. Chem. Org. Naturstoffe 15:31–82.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Albone, E.S., Flood, P.F. The supracaudal scent gland of the red foxVulpes vulpes . J Chem Ecol 2, 167–175 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00987739

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00987739

Key words

Navigation