Skip to main content
Log in

The structure of political cognition: A new approach to its meaning and measurement

  • Published:
Political Behavior Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recent studies of political beliefs have largely abandoned the traditional concern with their ideological content for a newfound interest in their cognitive content. This interest in shared cognition has shed new light onwhat people think about politics, but it has largely ignored the question ofhow people think about politics. This paper addresses one important dimension of that void by considering the structure of political cognition and, more specifically, how that structure varies across people. It uses a schematic approach to (1) develop a general unifying theory of the structure of political cognition; (2) suggest the political implications of different types of cognitive structure; and (3) develop an easily administered and construct-valid methodology for measuring the structure of political cognition. By way of illustration, this methodology is used to measure the structure of individuals' political cognitions about issues in their community.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agresti, A., and Agresti, B. F. (1977). Statistical analysis of qualitative variation. In K. F. Schuessler (ed.),Sociological Methodology 1978. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Axelrod, R. (1973). Schema theory.American Political Science Review 67:1248–1266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolland, J. M. (1979). Conflict and consensus in American committees: Agenda setting as prelude to social change. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, The Ohio State University.

  • Bolland, J. M., and Cigler, A. J. (1984). The group participation decision: The role of belief system structure. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago.

  • Broadbent, D. E., Cooper, P. J., and Broadbent, M. H. P. (1978). A comparison of hierarchical and matrix retrieval schemas in recall.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 4:486–497.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., and Stokes, D. E. (1960).The American Voter. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, J. E. (1980). Personal construct theory and psychotherapy research. In A. Landfield and L. M. Leitner (eds.),Personal Construct Psychology. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, J. D., and Chang, J. J. (1970). Analysis of individual differences in multidimensional scaling via an n-way generalization of “Eckart-Young” decomposition.Psychometrika 35:289–319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chase, W. G., and Simon, H. A. (1973). The mind's eye in chess. In W. G. Chase (ed.),Visual Information Processing. New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conover, P. J., and Feldman, S. (1984). How people organize the political world: A schematic model.American Journal of Political Science 28:95–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Converse, P. E. (1964). The nature of belief systems in mass publics. In D. Apter (ed.),Ideology and Discontent. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiske, S. T., Kinder, D. R., and Larter, W. M. (1983). The novice and the expert: Knowledge-based strategies in political cognition.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 19:381–400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiske, S. T., and Linville, P. W. (1980). What does the schema concept buy us?Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 6:543–557.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graber, D. A. (1984).Processing the News. New York: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammond, K. R., McClelland, G. H., and Mumpower, J. (1980).Human Judgment and Decision Making. New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, O. J., Hunt, D. E., and Schroder, H. M. (1961).Conceptual Systems and Personality Organization. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, O. J., and Schroder, H. M. (1963). Cognitive aspects of self and motivation. In O. J. Harvey (ed.),Motivation and Social Interaction. New York: Ronald.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hastie, R. (1981). Schematic principles in human memory. In E. T. Higgins, C. P. Herman, and M. P. Zanna (eds.),Social Cognition: The Ontario Symposium, Vol. 1. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, E. B., Lunneborg, C., and Lewis, J. (1975). What does it mean to be high verbal?Cognitive Psychology 7:194–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerlinger, F. N. (1979).Behavioral Research. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larkin, J. H., McDermott, J., Simon, D. P., and Simon, H. A. (1980). Models of competence in solving physics problems.Science 208:1335–1342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, G. A. (1955).The Psychology of Personal Constructs. New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathews, N. N., Hunt, E. B., and MacLeod, C. M. (1980). Strategy choice and strategy training in sentence-picture verification.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 19:531–548.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, D. E. (1970). On the representation and retrieval of stored semantic information.Cognitive Psychology 1:242–300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, T. R. (1971). Cognitive complexity and group performance.Journal of Social Psychology 86:35–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Posthuma, A. B., and Carr, J. E. (1974). Differentiation matching in school desegregation workshops.Journal of Applied Social Psychology 4:36–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rumelhart, D. E., Lindsay, P. H., and Norman, D. A. (1972). A process model for long-term memory. In E. Tulving and W. Donaldson (eds.),Organization of Memory. New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rumelhart, D. E., and Ortony, A. (1977). The representation of knowledge in memory. In R. C. Anderson, R. J. Spiro, and W. E. Montegue (eds.),Schooling and the Acquisition of Knowledge. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroder, H. J., Driver, M. J., and Streufert, S. (1967).Human Information Processing. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, W. A. (1962). Cognitive complexity and cognitive flexibility.Sociometry 25:405–414.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, W. A., Osgood, D. W., and Peterson, C. (1979).Cognitive Structure. Washington, D.C.: Winston, (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sieber, J. E., and Lanzetta, J. T. (1964). Conflict and conceptual structure as determinants of decision-making behavior.Journal of Personality 32:622–641.

    Google Scholar 

  • Streufert, S., and Streufert, S. C. (1978).Behavior in the Complex Environment. New York: Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, S. E., and Crocker, J. (1981). Schematic bases of social information processing. In E. T. Higgins, C. P. Herman, and M. P. Zanna (eds.),Social Cognition: The Ontario Symposium, Vol. 1. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torgerson, W. S. (1958).Theory and Method of Scaling. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bolland, J.M. The structure of political cognition: A new approach to its meaning and measurement. Polit Behav 7, 248–265 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00987308

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00987308

Keywords

Navigation