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On measuring performance in category judgment studies of nonverbal behavior

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Abstract

Attention is drawn to three interrelated types of error that are committed with high frequencies in the description and analysis of studies of nonverbal behavior. The errors involve the calculation of inappropriate measures of accuracy, the use in statistical analyses of inappropriate chance levels, and misapplications ofX 2 and binomial statistical tests. Almost all papers published between 1979 and 1991 that reported performance separately for different stimulus and response classes suffer from one or more of these errors. The potential consequences of these errors are described, and a variety of proposed measures of performance is examined. Since all measures formerly proposed have weaknesses, a new and easily calculated measure, an unbiased hit rate (H u ), is proposed. This measure is the joint probability that a stimulus category is correctly identified given that it is presented at all and that a response is correctly used given that it is used at all. Two available data sets are reanalyzed using this measure, and the differences in the conclusions reached compared to those reached with an analysis of hit rates are described.

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  1. Department of Psychology, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, England

    H. L. Wagner

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I wish to thank Rainer Banse for helpful discussions in the course of development of the arguments presented here, and Bob Kleck, Tony Manstead, and John Wearden for their comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.

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Wagner, H.L. On measuring performance in category judgment studies of nonverbal behavior. J Nonverbal Behav 17, 3–28 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00987006

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