Abstract
Our discussion begins with a consideration of the various types of religion and of guilt. Both religion and morality function in different ways from individual to individual. All these factors need to be taken into account before we can turn to treatment for the painful experience of guilt and bring about an improved self-esteem.
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Ibid., p. 34.
This theme appears many times in Baker's two autobiographies:Growing Up. New York, New American Library, 1982, andGood Times. New York, Penguin Books, 1989.
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“Levels of Responsibility” is briefly discussed in the author's article, “Guilt,” inCounseling and Values, 1985,29, 2, April, 134–135. See also Carroll, J., “Definitions, Symptoms and Shame.” InGUILT: The Grey Eminence Behind Character, History and Culture. London, Routledge & Keegan Paul, 1985, chapter 2.
O. Hobart Mowrer, late Professor of Psychology at the University of Illinois, developed a reinterpretation of the role of morality in mental health in two books:The Crisis in Psychiatry and Religion. Princeton, New Jersey, D. Van Nostrand Co., 1961, andThe New Group Therapy. Princeton, New Jersey, D. Van Nostrand Co., 1964.
Belgum, D.,Religion and Personality in the Spiral of Life (enlarged edition). Lanham, Maryland, University Press of America, Inc., 1988, p. viii.
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Ibid., p. 131–132.
Ibid., p. 132.
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Belgum, D. Guilt and/or self-esteem as consequences of religion. J Relig Health 31, 73–85 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00986846
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00986846