Abstract
Perpetrators and witnesses of the extermination process during the Third Reich use normalization strategies to relate to their atrocious experiences: complete silencing, emotionless descriptions of details, selective descriptions of emotional reactions, etc. The need for normalization is transmitted to offspring by means of a “double-wall,” an emotional phenomenon brought on by both parents and children (Bar-On and Charny, 1988). In the present study, an interview with a German physician from Auschwitz who deliberately did not take part in the massive selection process, and an interview with his son are analyzed. The father-physician creates an effect of normalization by a carefulselective description of his moral and emotional reactions to what he experienced in Auschwitz and since then. It is proposed that the selecting is motivated by the father's covert quest for mastery together with an overt perception of himself as, paradoxically, ‘moral.’ An analysis of the son's report suggests that the father's strategy has been transmitted unwittingly to the son. The son's interview is interpreted as a limited vehicle for going beyond what the parent transmitted and for partially confronting and working through the parent's role during the Nazi era.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bar-On, Dan (1986).The Pantomime Stick: Conversations with Parents and Their Children after the Holocaust (in Hebrew), Merav, Tel-Aviv.
Bar-On, Dan., and Charny, I. W. (1988). Children of perpetrators of the holocaust: How do they create a moral self?J. Isr. Psychological Assoc. 1: 1, 29–38. (In Hebrew).
Bar-On, Dan. (1989).Legacy of Silence: Encounters with Children of the Third Reich Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Bar-On, Dan. (1989). Paradoxical morality of holocaust perpetrators and their children.J. Human. Psychol. 29, 4, 424–443.
Charny Israel W. (1982).How Can We Commit the Unthinkable? Genocide: The Human Cancer. Westview Press, Boulder Colorado.
Davidson, S. (1980). The clinical effect of massive psychic trauma in families of Holocaust survivors.J. Marit. Fam. Ther. 1: 11–21.
Hardtmann, G. (1989). They looked as they were always described to us ... Education for Auschwitz? To be published in a book by Friedrich, H., Funke, H., Kestenberg, J., and Hardtmann, G. (in German). In press.
Kestenberg, J. S. (1972). Psychoanalytic contributions to the problem of children of survivors from Nazi persecution.Isr. Ann. Psychiatry Relat. Sci. 10: 321–325.
Lifton, R. J. (1986).The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killings and Psychology of Genocide Basic Books, New York.
Rosenthal, G. (1988). Biographische strategien zu entropolitisierung der NS-vergangheit. InDer Holocaust, Familiale and Geseltschaftliche Folgen-Aufarbeitung in Wissenschaft und Eriziehung. University of Wuppertal, Germany.
Spence, D. (1983). The paradox of denial. In Bresnitz, S. (ed.),The Denial of Stress International University Press, New York, pp. 103–123.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Bar-On, D. The use of a limited personal morality to rationalize horrendous evil: Interviews with an Auschwitz doctor and his son. J Trauma Stress 3, 415–427 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00974781
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00974781